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Author Topic: Patrick Henry Omlor  (Read 161683 times)

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Offline Persto

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Re: Patrick Henry Omlor
« Reply #190 on: September 11, 2026, 05:07:47 PM »
https://archive.org/stream/huttongibson_robberchurch_book/huttongibson_robberchurch_book_djvu.txt

2. Sufficiency (All Men) vs. Efficacy (Mystical Body)

In his Living Tradition article Monsignor McCarthy summarizes my position thus:
"Let us examine his [Omlor's] argument, which is as follows on
page 48 [of QTV]:

'The ancient and proper form for the Sacrament of the Holy
Eucharist uses Christ's own words and conveys the latter truth;
namely, that of efficacy. The new 'form' uses men's words and
conveys the former truth; namely, that of sufficiency. And thus the
Innovators, the authors of this change, have destroyed the
essential sense of the proper form.'"

There are, of course, other theological principles and salient facts that enter into
my treatise. Monsignor McCarthy does acknowledge many of these throughout
his article; hence the foregoing brief summary of my case will serve as an
adequate starting point for this present discussion.

Having quoted the above passage from p. 48 of QTV, Msgr. McCarthy remarks:
"For Omlor, sufficiency regards all men, while efficacy regards only the members
of the Mystical Body of Christ". I will get back to this puzzling remark a little later.

The distinction between the efficacy aspect and the sufficiency aspect of Christ's
Passion and Death is indeed one of the fundamentals in my argumentation
against the validity of the ICEL version of the wine consecration, which is
presently used in the Novus Ordo "Masses" throughout the English-speaking
world.

In the final words of the ancient and proper form ("for you and for many unto the
remission of sins") the words "you" and "many" refer to the elect only, those who
attain eternal salvation. St. Thomas Aquinas teaches this very clearly in Summa
Th., Ill, Q.78, a. 3, ad 8; and also in Book IV of Sentences, Dist.8, Q.2, a. 2, ad 7.
Holding fast to these explanations of the Angelic Doctor, the Catechism of the
Council of Trent, also known as the Roman Catechism, expounds the same idea
in the following words:

'For if we look at the virtue of it, it must be confessed, that our
Savior shed his Blood tor the salvation of all men. But if we look at
the fruit which men gather from thence, we may easily understand
that it comes not to all to advantage, but only to some. When
therefore he said, 'For you," he signified either them that were then
present, or those whom he had chosen out of the Jєωιѕн people,
such as were his Disciples, except Judas, with whom he spoke.

But when he added, "For many," he would have the rest that were
elected, either Jews or Gentiles, to be understood. Rightly therefore
was it done, that it was not said "for all," seeing that in this place
the design of the discourse extends only to the fruits of the
Passion, which brought the Fruit of Salvation only to the Elect.'

The foregoing is a faithful transcription from page 207 of the first translation of
the Trent Catechism into the English language, published at London in 1687,
under the Catholic King James 1 1 . The emphasized words and phrases shown
above are as they appear in the original text. In this excerpt just cited the
wording "for all" is explicitly singled out as being contrary to the "design of the
discourse," that is, contrary to the Mind of Christ when He said, "for many,"
meaning not all men, but only the elect who are the only ones who actually
benefit from the fruits of the Passion, namely, "the Fruit of Salvation."

As will be demonstrated later, the final prepositional phrase, "unto the remission
of sins" (in remissionem peccatorum), denotes result or efficacy, inasmuch as
with the elect the remission of their sins actually takes place. This concept is
quite different from that of purpose or sufficiency, which is what is conveyed by
these final words of the despoiled ICEL version: "for you and for all so that sins
maybe forgiven." Coupled with the condemned substitution of "all" for "many" is
the additional corruption of meaning in the ICEL's final (mistranslated) words, "so
that sins may be forgiven." Such a clause is known grammatically as a clause of
purpose (beginning with 'so that'); it fails to convey the theologically demanded
sense of result or efficacy, as explained by the Roman Catechism, St. Thomas,
and other theologians (including saints, popes and doctors of the Church).

In QTV and in subsequent writings I have presented abundant docuмentation
from many learned authorities to elucidate the distinction between efficacy
(result) and sufficiency (purpose). The following passage (as only one example)
illustrates this important idea very well. It is from Treatise on THE HOLY
EUCHARIST, by St. Alphonsus Mary de Liguori, a Doctor of the Church whose
writings display the most profound learning and piety. The passage is from p. 44
of the translation by Rev. Eugene Grimm, C.Ss.R.

The words pro vobis et pro multis ('For you and for many') are used
to distinguish the virtue of the blood of Christ from its fruits; for the
blood of our Saviour is of sufficient value to save all men, but its
fruits are applicable only to a certain number and not to all, and this
is their own fault. Or, as the theologians say, this precious blood is
(in itself) sufficiently (sufficienter) able to save all men, but (on our
part) effectually (efficaciter) it does not save all - it saves only those
who cooperate with grace. This is the explanation of St. Thomas,
as quoted by Benedict XIV.

Moreover, I have in one place or another also quoted passages in the same vein
from the Roman Catechism, St. Thomas Aquinas, Popes Innocent III and
Benedict XIV. Consequently it is puzzling that Monsignor McCarthy would
remark that it is "for Omlor" that the distinction between sufficiency and efficacy is
a tenet.

Another very important theological principle in my case against the validity of the
English "Mass" is that the res sacramenti ( a term that theologians use for the
principal fruit, "the effect') of the Holy Eucharist -- namely, the union of the
Mystical Body of Christ -- must necessarily be signified in the words of the form
for this Sacrament. This point is verified by many weighty theological authorities
I have frequently quoted, including Pope Leo XIII who laid down specific criteria
for valid sacramental signification (in the Bull Apostolicae Curae, 1896). "For you
and for many unto the remission of sins" are the words of the sacramental form
for the Holy Eucharist that provide this vital signification of the res sacramenti, for
the words "you" and "many" are the only words of the form that explicitly
designate the members of the Mystical Body of Christ, which is the Catholic
Church. Moreover, the final phrase, "unto the remission of sins," signifies the
union of the members, as shall be demonstrated later in Section 5.

The words "you" and "many" (not "you" by itself nor "many" by itself, but the two
words in conjunction with each other) are said to designate the elect, and they
are also said to designate the Mystical Body. There is no ambiguity in this,
because in termino they are one and the same thing.

For the sake of clarity, however, it should be remarked that at any given moment
on earth the elect and the Mystical Body do not exactly coincide, and this is
readily understood by Catholics. For there are always some persons who at one
time are not yet in the Church, but who will eventually become incorporated
among the fideles through Baptism. Similarly, there are some who once were
members of the Mystical Body, the Church, but who will not be counted among
the elect. That is, those who become "dead members" through mortal sin and
then, tragically, die in that state. Also those who surrender membership in the
Mystical Body through heresy, apostasy, schism or excommunication will not be
among the elect, though at one time in their lives they were members of the
Mystical Body. They will not be counted among the elect, that is, unless they
repent and become restored to grace in the bosom of their Holy Mother the
Church.

We therefore speak of the elect and the Mystical Body interchangeably in the
context of the consecration form, because they come to the same thing in
termino : at the end of time they will exactly coincide. The elect are those, and
only those, who profit from the efficacy aspect of Our Lord's Passion and Death
through the remission of their sins, and who die as living members of the Mystical
Body. After the Last Judgment the "finalized" Mystical Body (namely, the Church
Triumphant) and "The Elect" will be one and the same thing.



Offline Persto

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Re: Patrick Henry Omlor
« Reply #191 on: September 12, 2026, 07:24:57 PM »
https://archive.org/stream/huttongibson_robberchurch_book/huttongibson_robberchurch_book_djvu.txt

3. A Mosaic of Sacramental Theology 
Msgr. McCarthy writes: "First of all, Omlor's case for the invalidity of the ICEL
form of the consecration of the wine does not appear convincing to me. The
quotations which he produces to support his case are impressive in their own
right, but they do not prove the invalidity of the 'for all men' translation." And in
another place he states, "and Omlor quotes an array of authorities who have
raised doubts about the use of 'for all.' But none of these authorities says
explicitly that the addition of 'for all' would invalidate the sacrament. This is
Omlor's own conclusion."

After the first edition of QTV appeared twenty-two years ago, Father William G.
Most, (the first person to oppose QTV in public print), posed a similar objection.
Appendix 3 of the third edition of QTV was devoted to presenting Fr. Most's
arguments and my replies to them. The following appears on page 1 16 of QTV
(3rd edition, March 1969):

Father Most: "His [Omlor's] appeal to St. Thomas and the
Catechism of the Council of Trent is insufficient by far to prove his
case. ..Neither one explicitly states the invalidity of the English form
of consecration. "

My lengthy reply (pp. 116-11 7) begins thus: "No one could be expected to
enumerate explicitly all invalid forms, since there is an infinitude of 'invalid forms.
There is, however, only one valid form for any given sacrament."

May one reasonably conjecture that nitroglycerine is possibly valid matter for
Baptism merely because not a single dogmatic theologian has ever explicitly
ruled it out?

This argument advanced by both Monsignor McCarthy and Father Most does,
however, serve admirably as a model; it is the paragon of fuzzy logic. Consider
this: if "for all" had already been explicitly declared invalid, then the issue would
have been settled in advance -- case closed ("causa finita est') Under such
circuмstances I would have had neither the occasion nor the reason to write
Questioning The Validity., in the first place; consequently, in the second place,
Father Most and Monsignor McCarthy would not have entered the picture to
oppose QTV (since it would not have even existed); and, finally, I would not be
writing this now! Therefore it is entirely illogical to argue against me on the
grounds that "all men" had not been explicitly ruled invalid.

Up until 1967 no one had ever attempted any innovation in the form for the Holy
Eucharist, least of all such a brazen innovation as "for all men so that sins may
be forgiven." Consequently none of my "array of authorities" would have had the
occasion to single out explicitly as invalid this particular phraseology. For no one
would have imagined (and I dare say this would have included Monsignor John
F. McCarthy prior to 1967) that anyone would ever presume even to suggest
such a villainous violation of the form of a sacrament as the one of which we are
speaking. The ICEL subversives were living and breathing testimonials to the
truth of the sardonic Italian aphorism "Traduttori: Traditori" (Translators :
Traitors)!

When the authors of the Roman Catechism taught, "Rightly therefore was it
done, that it was not said 'for all' ... etc.," they were expounding the theology
underlying the distinction between sufficiency and efficacy. Now, it would be
supreme lunacy to suppose the theologians who wrote this profound disquisition
would have actually deemed to be valid a form that contains the very words, "for
all," which they had singled out as being contrary to Christ's design in the words
He spoke when instituting the Holy Eucharist at the Last Supper!

Least of all would those renowned exegetes have considered to be valid a form
that so evidently violates the fundamental principle of sacramental theology they
so emphatically taught elsewhere in the same Catechism: "In our sacraments ...
the form is so definite that any, even a casual deviation from it, renders the
sacrament null."

Though none of my cited authorities explicitly declared "for all" to be an
invalidating substitution, all of them implicitly did so. Each of these respected
authorities has furnished valuable jewels of evidence, theological principles that
are certain beyond question, all of which if taken as a whole form one
harmonious mosaic of sacramental theology. I am only the mosaicist. If all these
brilliant facets are considered in their magnificent totality, the one supporting and
enhancing the other, and the overall panorama is beheld, then my conclusion
that the vernacular "Mass" is no Mass at all is the only conclusion that can
reasonably be reached. Such a scientific approach to philosophy and theology is
of the essence of Scholasticism.

"But none of those authorities [cited by Omlor] says explicitly that the addition of
'for all 1 would invalidate the sacrament. This is Omlor's own conclusion." Here
we detect two polemical subterfuges: the suppressio veri and the suggestio falsi.
Suppressio veri (suppression of the truth) is the stating of something that is true
in itself, while suppressing something that has an essential bearing on the overall
truth. Thus Monsignor McCarthy correctly says that no authority of mine
explicitly avers "for all" is invalid, but he suppresses the impact, the dynamic
force, of the mosaic of their teachings, the formidable ensemble of those
truths, which implicitly but relentlessly drives towards that conclusion.

Suggestio falsi is the stating of something that in itself is not false, while
suggesting to the reader's mind an idea that is false. After referring to the "array
of authorities" who do not explicitly say "for all" is invalid, Omlor (the amateur) is
contrasted with them in these words, "This is Omlor's own conclusion." Although
he does not expressly say so, he falsely suggests my judgment must be wrong
solely because it is mine.




Offline Persto

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Re: Patrick Henry Omlor
« Reply #192 on: September 13, 2026, 03:36:02 PM »
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4. Some Latin, Greek and English Grammar
Monsignor McCarthy writes: "Omlor contends that the Latin preposition in
followed by the accusative case means 'unto the remission of sins,' and 'thus this
word unto in itself conveys the sense of effectiveness or efficacy.' But Omlor's
explanation is not exact. The Latin preposition in plus the accusative sets up a
direction leading to efficacy and can include both the beginning situation of
redemption for all and the final situation of salvation for some. Therefore, Omlor's
reasoning is not conclusive."

Here, in its entirety, is my par. 71 from QTV:

"A first observation is that the word unto --(which in Latin is the preposition 'in'
followed by a noun in the accusative case) -- means to, towards, or leading up to;
and thus this word unto in itself conveys the sense of effectiveness or efficacy."

The charge that my "explanation is not exact" is meaningless, for I gave no
explanation at all. My paragraph begins, "A first observation is... etc.," and I
concluded this short, one-sentence paragraph with the bare assertion, "this word
unto in itself conveys ... etc." It was an ipse dixit on my part, a bold "take it from
me" declaration. I gave no reasoning at all to support my assertion, and therefore
the remark that my "reasoning is not conclusive" is likewise meaningless. When I
wrote that sentence I did not elaborate, for I frankly didn't expect so rudimentary
a point to be challenged. As it has now been challenged, I will present some of
the grammatical rules and "reasoning" underpinning my assertion. In this
section, then, what is to be defended is my ipse dixit that not only do the words
"for many" convey the correct restrictive sense of efficacy, but the final phrase,
"in remissionem peccatorum," which in English is "unto the remission of sins," in
itself also conveys the sense of efficacy or result.

The Latin preposition in with the accusative case is used to denote physical
motion, and it is also used in an abstract or conceptual sense. Certain parallels
can be drawn between these two usages. Firstly, as regards physical motion the
effective reaching of a destination is nearly always indicated. Thus "Caesar in
Galliam venit" means that Caesar came into Gaul; he effectively arrived in Gaul.

I said "nearly always" because one finds occasional examples in classical Latin
where in with the accusative fails to denote efficacy, as, for instance, in the
phrase, "in meridiem fugit' (he fled towards the south), which does not imply an
effective arrival at a destination. However it must be noted that to use in with the
accusative case in such a manner is to do so "idiomatically or less exactly,"
according to Allen & Greenough (New Latin Grammar, 1903 edition, p.133, par.
221.12c).

Secondly, and more to our point, are instances in which in with the accusative is
used in the conceptual sense, such as in the phrase we are discussing, "in
remissionem peccatorum." The analogy between the physical motion usage and
the conceptual usage will become apparent, in that the notion of efficacy or result
is common to both. Consulting the text An Introduction to Ecclesiastical Latin (by
Rev. H.P.V. Nunn, Cambridge University Press, 1927), we find on page 111 the
paragraph 234, under the heading "In With the Accusative," where the author
illustrates the "pregnant sense" giving the result of the action of the verb, and
also the use "in a predicate" to express result, i.e., efficacy.

It was St. Jerome who gave us the Latin phrase in the Vulgate, "in remissionem
peccatorum," the words of Jesus in instituting the Sacrament of the Holy
Eucharist at the Last Supper, as recorded in St. Matthew's Gospel (26,28). The
Greek text for this phrase is "e/s aphesin hamartion" using the preposition "e/s,"
which St. Jerome translated into Latin as "in." This in turn was rendered into
English as "unto" by Father Gregory Martin, the scholarly linguistics master
appointed by the saintly Cardinal William Allen to translate the New Testament at
Rheims (1578-82). It is therefore important to discover the meaning contained in
the first link of the chain, namely, this Greek preposition "e/s."

We may consult An Idiom Book of New Testament Greek by C.F.D. Moule,
Cambridge University Press, 1960. On p.70 the author discusses "e/s" and its
connotation resulting in, and he furnishes several passages from the New
Testament to illustrate this point of grammar. One of these examples is from
Romans (5,18), which contains two "e/s" prepositional phrases: "e/s katakrima"
and "e/s dikaidsin." Investigating these two phrases proves to be most
enlightening.

Romans (5,18) reads thus in St. Jerome's Vulgate: "Igitur sicut per unius delictum
in omnes homines in condemnationem, sic et per unius justitiam in omnes
homines in justificationem vitae." Thus we find the two "e/s" prepositional
phrases ("e/s katakrima" and "e/s dikaidsin" translated by St. Jerome into two
corresponding Latin prepositional phrases; to wit: “in condemnationem" and "in
justificationem." These would be rendered literally into English simply by "unto
condemnation" and "unto justification."

Nevertheless the translators of the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine New
Testament (1941) did not limit themselves to the mere phrases "unto
condemnation" and "unto justification." Rather, for the sake of even greater
clarity, they explicitly spelled out "the result was unto condemnation" and "the
result is unto justification." Here is the complete passage:

Therefore as from the offense of the one man the result was unto
condemnation to all men, so from the justice of the one the result is
unto justification of life to all men.'

When Father Gregory Martin at Rheims translated Matthew (26,28) into English,
he rendered "e/s aphesin hamartion" or "in remissionem peccatorum" into a
corresponding simple prepositional phrase. Of the possible choices of an
English preposition (from among to, for, towards, etc.) he selected "unto" -- the
one that best denotes the required sense of result. The word "unto" (which is
now classified by some dictionaries as archaic) is of Middle English origin (circa
1150-1500), and its etymology derives from "up to + to"; hence "sick unto death"
means so sick that death results.

The word "unto" can have other entirely different meanings, as in "do unto
others." Also "faithful unto death" would not necessarily mean that fidelity results
in death (though it could be argued that such was certainly the case with the
martyrs).

Exactly the same phrase, in remissionem peccatorum ( eis aphesin hamartidn), is
found in the Credo of the Mass: I confess one baptism unto the remission of
sins. "For the remission of sins" (as is often found) would seem to indicate
purpose only and would thus fail to impart the idea of result or efficacy. "For the
remission of sins" is not faithful to the true sense of "eis aphesin hamartion"
intended by the Fathers at Constantinople, who incorporated this article in the
Creed (A.D. 381). I confess one baptism unto the remission of sins, a baptism
that results in the remission of sins, a baptism that has efficacy, that does
something! Not just a baptism "so that sins may be forgiven," as the ICEL would
undoubtedly put it.

What I have been attempting to prove in this section is that in addition to the
aspect of efficacy or result being necessarily denoted by the restrictive wording
"for many," this same sense of efficacy is also contained in the very words of the
final prepositional phrase "unto the remission of sins." This was the ipse dixit in
par. 71 of QTV, which was challenged by Msgr. McCarthy.

In my foregoing demonstration I trust I have shown that, purely from the
standpoint of Latin, Greek and English grammar, the true meaning of the words
of Jesus in the consecration of the wine is contained in these words: This is My
Blood which shall be shed for you and for many resulting in (unto) the remission
of their sins. This conveys the notion of efficacy, or result, that is insisted upon
by the Roman Catechism, St. Thomas, St. Alphonsus, Innocent III and Benedict
XIV. The ICEL's "shed for you and for all so that sins may be forgiven" is so
immeasurably different from this correct notion that even a certified clod would be
able to detect the discrepancy.

When the Innovators replaced Christ's word 'many' by their own
words 'all men', they necessarily had to change also the final
phrase, unto the forgiveness of sins. For to say that Christ died for
ALL men UNTO the forgiveness of sins is, in effect, to say that His
Passion actually brought about the forgiveness of the sins of all
men. And this, of course, clearly is undiluted heresy.

And therefore the entire meaning, or 'essential sense' of Christ's
own words was changed when the Innovators made their 'form'
read: "for you and for ALL men so that sins MAY be forgiven."

What is conveyed by these words is the idea of the potential
forgiveness of the sins of all men, which idea is opposed to the
original meaning Christ clearly intended to convey which is that of
the actual forgiveness of the sins of 'many'. (From QTV, pp. 149-
ISO).



Offline Persto

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Re: Patrick Henry Omlor
« Reply #193 on: Yesterday at 04:07:13 PM »
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5. Raison d'etre of the Union of the Mystical Body

As has been stated above, the principal fruit or effect of the Holy Eucharist - that
is, its res sacramenti - is the union of the Mystical Body of Christ. Now, it is
through reception of the Holy Eucharist that we, the members of the Mystical
Body in the branch known as the "Church Militant," become more closely and
firmly united to Jesus Christ -- the Head of the Mystical Body -- and also to one
another, and also to our fellow members in the other two branches; viz., the
Church Suffering and the Church Triumphant.

"This truth is closely related to the Church's teaching on the Communion of
Saints (which we profess in the Ninth Article of the Apostles' Creed), whereby the
different members of the Mystical Body participate in one another's spiritual
goods.

The very principle of existence and origin of this aforesaid union is sanctifying
grace. Any person living in the state of sanctifying grace is automatically within
Christ's Mystical Body.

But if sanctifying grace is the raison d'etre of the union of the Mystical Body,
which is the res sacramenti of the Holy Eucharist, it must then be acknowledged
that the essential and absolute prerequisite -- the sine qua non - of this union is
the remission of sins.

It is by means of the Sacrament of Baptism that we first receive sanctifying
grace, and through the remission of original sin and actual sin (in the case of
adult baptisms) we first become members of the Mystical Body. The Bull
Exultate Deo of Pope Eugene IV teaches: "Holy Baptism, which is the gateway
( janua ) to the spiritual life, holds the first place among all the sacraments;
through it we are made members of Christ and of the body of the Church."

We retain our status as living members of the Mystical Body by remaining in the
state of sanctifying grace. And a member who has become spiritually dead
through mortal sin can be reinstated as a living member only by the remission of
sin(s), through what St. Jerome calls "the second plank after shipwreck," namely,
the Sacrament of Penance. Concerning the Sacrament of Penance, the Council
of Trent teaches:

'Besides, it is clear that this sacrament is in many respects different
from Baptism. For apart from the fact that in matter and form,
which constitute the essence of a sacrament, It differs very widely,
...the fruit of Baptism is one thing, that of Penance another. For by
Baptism we put on Christ ( Gal. 3:27) and are made in Him an
entirely new creature, receiving a full and complete remission of all
sins; to which newness and integrity, however, we are by no means
able to arrive by the sacrament of Penance without many tears and
labors on our part, divine justice demanding this, so that Penance
has rightly been called by the holy Fathers a laborious kind of
Baptism. This sacrament of Penance is for those who have fallen
after Baptism necessary for salvation, as Baptism is for those who
have not yet been regenerated.'

'If anyone, confounding the sacraments, says that Baptism is itself
the sacrament of Penance, as though these two sacraments were
not distinct, and that Penance therefore is not rightly called the
second plank after shipwreck, let him be anathema.'

From all the foregoing it is evident that the remission of sins - that is, the actual
and efficacious remission of sins; or in other words "in remissionem peccatorum "
(UNTO the remission of sins) -- is the necessary prerequisite for: (a) our initial
incorporation in the Mystical Body; and (b) the reinstatement as living members,
through the Second Plank After Shipwreck, of those who have lost sanctifying
grace. Consequently, the REMISSION OF SINS CAN BE SAID TO CAUSE THE
UNION of the members of the Mystical Body.

THEREFORE, inasmuch as this union is the very res sacramenti of the Holy
Eucharist, which must be signified in the words of the sacramental form, it is
likewise evident that the final phrase of the form for the Consecration of the Wine
in its entirety - to wit: "for you and for many unto the remission of sins" --
comprises these essential words. The words "you" and "many" designate the
members; the words, "unto the remission of sins", signify the principle of their
unity. 0 vinculum caritatis.


Offline Persto

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Re: Patrick Henry Omlor
« Reply #194 on: Yesterday at 04:17:33 PM »
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6. Ambiguity in Sacramental Forms
The dictionary definition of "ambiguous" is: "Capable of being understood in two
or more possible senses; equivocal." The seven examples below are all excerpts
taken verbatim from Monsignor McCarthy's article. They were selected for
presentation because they all contain the inherent assumption or the forthright
admission that the ICEL form is ambiguous.

1) The Latin preposition in plus the accusative sets up a direction leading to
efficacy and can include both the beginning situation of redemption for all and the
final situation of salvation for some.

2) What I do want to point out is that "for all men" does not invalidate the
form, if the aspect of efficacy recedes from "for many" to "for you" and the
following words "for all" become an expression of the salvific will of Christ
towards all men.

3) Was the ICEL translation made and presented in awareness of this
contrary theological and doctrinal position? Was due attention paid to the need
to keep the form of the sacrament clear and unambiguous ... ?

4) And so Omlor is constrained to argue that the addition of the words "and
for all men" changes the essential sense of the form from that of efficacy to that
of sufficiency. Now, this might be true if the words, "for you" did not precede the
words "for all," but, when the words "for you" are retained, the sense of efficacy is
already conveyed, so that the succeeding words "and for all" simply express the
background of the salvific will of Christ on the Cross. Thus, the sense of efficacy
of the form may be weakened and obscured, but it is not destroyed.

5) While this translation does not clearly invalidate the sacrament, as Omlor
maintains, it does seem to confuse and obscure its integral form.

6) Note also that the form of the Holy Eucharist both looks to the future and
looks to the past ... Similarly, the words of the form for the Holy Eucharist, even
as they refer primarily to the efficacious graces that will flow from the Mass, refer
also in a secondary sense to all the graces that were to come from the sacrifice
on Calvary. To make this secondary sense explicit in a secondary way would not
necessarily invalidate the form, but it does effect a partial change of emphasis
which does not seem very consistent with the original meaning of the words.

7) Martin Luther contended that, since Christ died once and for all and
thereby redeemed all men, there was no need for the Mass. The emphasis upon
the salvific will in the words "for all" could suggest a Lutheran misunderstanding
of the Mass, and its reduction in the minds of some to a mere communion
service.

The foregoing excerpts all reveal that Monsignor McCarthy believes the ICEL
form, "for you and for all so that sins may be forgiven," can be understood in two
or more possible senses. NOW, A SACRAMENTAL FORM THAT IS AMBIGUOUS IS IPSO FACTO INVALID,
"in our sacraments," teaches the Catechism of the Council of Trent, "the form is so
definite that any, even a casual deviation from it, renders the sacrament null.
Hence the form is expressed in the clearest terms, such as exclude the possibility of doubt."
"Moreover, the signification must not be ambiguous, but so far definite as to discriminate
the grace effected from graces of a different kind...," noted Cardinal Vaughan on the
same subject.

Here I should make an important clarification. From the above it must not be
thought that the form of a sacrament cannot signify more than one thing. The
"Responded' of St. Thomas in Summa Th., Ill, Q.78, a. 3, explains the various
things that are designated or signified in the consecration of the wine by the
various parts of the form: "This is the chalice of My Blood," "of the new and
eternal testament," "the mystery of faith," "for you and for many unto the
remission of sins," etc. (Also, in "Res Sacrament T, an article published in May
1970, as Issue No. 3 of Interdum, I discussed four things that are signified in the
form for the Holy Eucharist, namely, transubstantiation, sacrifice, propitiation, and
the res sacramenti, which is the union of the Mystical Body of Christ).

When we say an ambiguous sacramental form is ipso facto invalid, we mean that
a single word or group of words cannot be understood in more than one way.
Thus, for example, were one to claim "This is My Body" refers both to Christ's
true body and also to His Mystical Body, he would be asserting that those words
are ambiguous. Therefore it is evident that Monsignor McCarthy's opinions that
were cited above all presume the ICEL form is ambiguous in the " ipso facto
invalid" sense, because they all claim the same phrase, "for you and for all so
that sins may be forgiven," is to be understood as meaning more than one thing.