To answer Vermont's question, there were only a couple of bishops with jurisdiction who did so, and refused to consent, even by silence. Abp. Lefebvre is the most well-known example. I believe Bp. Castro Mayer did so too, though I don't know very much about him. Bp. Thuc publicly condemned Vatican 2 and denounced the false papal claimants as anti-popes.
At the Council itself, there was a group called The
Coetus Internationalis Patrum (International Group of Fathers) which tried to fight the liberalism as the Council was underway. Two bishops named above, Abp. Lefebvre & Bp. Castro Mayer were in this group, as well as many others. Sadly, though, too many (all of them?, except for +ABL and +de Castro Mayer in his own diocese) stopped fighting after the Council. e.g. Archbishop Sigaud, a co-founder of the
Coetus, "implemented the Novus Ordo Missae in his diocese and did not support Archbishop Lefebvre's Society of St. Pius X." Even Bp. de Castro Mayer didn't do much
publicly (meaning: internationally, something the world would know about as with +ABL), as far as I know, other than keeping his own diocese as Traditional as he could. I am not aware of much public condemnation of VII, nor even of much public support for +ABL, until after he was forced to retire.
I have heard it said that some of the more traditional-leaning bishops died soon after VII of a broken heart. Who knows?
As far as bishops with Ordinary Jurisdiction over a diocese, not yet retired, the only one I know who at least fought the liberalism within his own diocese (& didn't die soon after VII) is Bp. de Castro Mayer.
[Archbishop Lefebvre was head of a religious order, not a diocesan bishop, in the 1960s.]