Fr. De Salvo, echoing Pope Leo’s teaching, assures us that “[a]s long as the lack of proper intention is not externally manifested, the Church presumes that the intention of the minister is correct.”154 Thus, the only thing that could overthrow the Church’s presumption of the sufficiency of the intention is evidence that is manifested externally in the very administration of the sacrament.
The Code of Canon Law later promulgated by Pope Benedict XV in 1917, teaches no differently:
It is never presumed that a minister, in carrying out an ordination, had . . . an intention of not ordaining, as long as the contrary be not proved, both because no one is presumed wicked, unless it be proved, and because an act, especially [one] so solemn as is an ordination, must be considered valid as long as invalidity be not irresistibly proved. 155