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Author Topic: Saint Peter Canisius, Confessor, Doctor of the Church  (Read 830 times)

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Offline Neil Obstat

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Saint Peter Canisius, Confessor, Doctor of the Church
« on: February 06, 2014, 12:13:04 AM »
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    This year (2014), April 27 will be Low Sunday, Quasi modo* Sunday, a day that boasts a double offense from Newchurch.  First, in the deplorable assault of 1961 under the creepy John XXIII (of infelicitous memory), his feast day was 'moved' from April 27th to December 21st, the latter being the longstanding feast day of the Apostle and Martyr, St. Thomas.  Secondly, after 36 years of this idiocy that could only be focused upon institutionalizing CONFUSION, Low Sunday was re-named "Divine Mercy Sunday" under the un-saintly JPII.  

    So this year, we can enjoy a total obliviance to the Feast of St. John Canisius come April 27th!  After having survived Lent, we can endure an all-new penance on Low Sunday, during Paschal Time!


    (*On Low Sunday many years ago, monks opened the door to find a baby in a basket, left there on the stoop, and so they took him in and raised him in the Faith, and gave him the name of the day's Introit.  He was physically deformed and lived his life out in the monastery where his purpose was to ring the bells on time and properly, every day, for the Angelus, for Mass, for the hours, and for special announcements such as weddings, ordinations, and the approach of dangerous enemies (like the Communists).  In the movie, "The Hunchback of Notre Dame," his name is Quasimodo.)




    The following is the content of the Wikipedia page on St. Peter Canisius, CD, as it exists today (and apparently has been since December last):




    Peter Canisius
    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    St. Peter Canisius, S.J.
    Saint Petrus Canisius.jpg





    Priest, Religious and Doctor of the Church [Confessor, Doctor]
    Born    8 May 1521
    Nijmegen, Duchy of Guelders, Hapsburg Netherlands
    Died    21 December 1597 (aged 76)
    Fribourg, Switzerland
    Honored in    Catholic Church
    Beatified    1864, Rome by Pope Pius IX          <---267 years later
    Canonized    21 May 1925, Rome by Pope Pius XI    <----328 years later
    Major shrine    College of St. Michael
    Fribourg, Switzerland
    Feast    21 December; 27 April (General Roman Calendar, 1926-1969)
    Patronage    Catholic press, Germany

    Peter Canisius, S.J. (Dutch: Pieter Kanis), (8 May 1521 – 21 December 1597) was an important Jesuit Catholic priest who helped people understand the Catholic faith during the Protestant Reformation in Germany, Austria, Bohemia, Moravia, and Switzerland. The restoration of the Catholic Church in Germany after the Protestant Reformation is largely attributed to the work there of the Society of Jesus, which he led. He is venerated in the Catholic Church as a saint and as a Doctor of the Church.

    Contents

        1 Life
        2 Pastoral strategy
        3 Mariology of Canisius
        4 Veneration
        5 Legacy
        6 Works
        7 References
        8 External links


    Life
    Society of Jesus
       
    IHS

    History of the Jesuits
    Regimini militantis
    Suppression

    Jesuit Hierarchy
    Superior General
    Adolfo Nicolás

    Ignatian Spirituality
    Spiritual Exercises
    Ad majorem Dei gloriam
    Magis


    Notable Jesuits
    St. Ignatius of Loyola
    St. Francis Xavier
    St. Peter Faber
    St. Aloysius Gonzaga
    St. Robert Bellarmine
    St. Peter Canisius
    St. Edmund Campion
    Pope Francis                        <----- :sad:

    He was born in 1521 in Nijmegen in the Duchy of Guelders, which, until 1549, was part of the Habsburg Netherlands within the Holy Roman Empire and is now the Netherlands. His father was the wealthy burgermeister, Jacob Kanis; his mother, Ægidia van Houweningen, who died shortly after Peter's birth. He was sent to study at the University of Cologne, he earned a Master's degree in 1540, at the age of 19.[1] While there, he met Peter Faber, one of the founders of the Society of Jesus. Through him, Canisius became the first Dutchman to join the newly founded Society of Jesus in 1543.

    Through his preaching and writings, Peter Canisius became one of the most influential Catholics of his time. He supervised the founding and maintenance of the first German-speaking Jesuit colleges, often with little resources at hand. Because of his frequent travels between the colleges, a tedious and dangerous occupation at the time, he became known as the Second Apostle of Germany.

    Canisius also exerted a strong influence on the Emperor Ferdinand I; he ceaselessly reminded Ferdinand of the imminent danger to his soul should he concede more rights to Protestants in return for their military support. When Canisius perceived a very real danger of Ferdinand's son and heir, Maximilian, openly declaring himself a Protestant, Canisius threatened Maximilian with disinheritance should he desert the Catholic Faith.

    Canisius was an influential teacher and preacher, especially through his "German Catechism", a book which defined the basic principles of Catholicism in the German language and made them more accessible to readers in German-speaking countries. He was offered the post of Bishop of Vienna in 1554, but declined in order to continue his traveling and teachings. He did, however, serve as administrator of the Diocese of Vienna for one year, until a new bishop was appointed for it.

    He moved to Germany, where he was one of the main Catholic theologians at the Colloquy of Worms in 1557, and later served as the main preacher in the cathedral of Augsburg from 1559 to 1568, where he strongly witnessed to his faith on three or four occasions each week. His preaching was said to have been so convincing that it attracted hundreds of Protestants back to the old faith.

    By the time he left Germany, the Society of Jesus in Germany had evolved from a small band of priests into a powerful tool of the Counter Reformation. Canisius spent the last 20 years of his life in Fribourg, Switzerland, where he founded the Jesuit preparatory school, the College of Saint Michael, which trained generations of young men for careers and future university studies.[2]

    In 1591, at the age of 70, Canisius suffered a stroke which left him partially paralyzed, but he continued to preach and write with the aid of a secretary until his death in Fribourg.[3] He was initially buried at the Church of St. Nicholas. His remains were later transferred to the church of the Jesuit College, which he had founded and where he spent the last year of his life[4] They were interred in front of the main altar of the church, and the room he occupied during those last months is now a chapel which is open to the veneration of the faithful.[5]


    Pastoral strategy

    Canisius lived during the height of the Protestant Reformation and dedicated much of his work to the clarification of the Catholic faith in light of the emergence of the new Protestant doctrines. His lasting contribution is his three catechisms, which he published in Latin and German, which became widespread and popular in Catholic regions. In his fight with German Protestantism, he requested much more flexibility from Rome, arguing:

        If you treat them right, the Germans will give you everything. Many err in matters of faith, but without arrogance. They err the German way, mostly honest, a bit simple-minded, but very open for everything Lutheran. An honest explanation of the faith would be much more effective than a polemical attack against reformers.[6]

    He rejected attacks against John Calvin and Melanchton: With words like these, we don’t cure patients, we make them incurable.[7]


    Mariology of Canisius
    Main article: Mariology of the saints

    Canisius taught that, while there are many roads leading to Jesus Christ, for him the veneration of the Blessed Virgin Mary is the best.[8] His sermons and letters docuмent a clear preoccupation with Marian veneration.[8] Under the heading "prayer" he explains the Ave Maria (Hail Mary), as the basis for Catholic Marian piety.[9] Less known are his Marian books, in which he published prayers and contemplative texts. He is credited with adding to the Hail Mary the sentence

        Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners.
    [10]

    Eleven years later it was included in the Catechism of the Council of Trent of 1566. Theologically, Canisius defended Roman Catholic Mariology in his 1577 book, De Maria Virgine Incomparabili et Dei Genitrice Sacrosancta Libri Quinque. From today's perspective, Canisius clearly erred in some of his sources, but, because of his factual analysis of original sources, it is considered as representing one of the best theological achievements in the 16th century.[11]


    Veneration

    Canisius was beatified by Pope Pius IX in the year 1864, and later canonized and declared a Doctor of the Church on 21 May 1925 by Pope Pius XI.[12] His feast day was included in the General Roman Calendar in 1926, for celebration on 27 April. In the liturgical reform of 1969,* it was moved to 21 December, the anniversary of his death, the normal day for celebrating a saint's entry into heaven (although it is still kept by the Society of Jesus on 27 April).

    *[It seems to me this is an error, as the calendar changes were made in 1962, 7 years before the "reform" of the NovusOrdo in 1969.  The Jesuits are not the only ones who still keep this feast day on April 27th.  All the Traditional chapels, such as the St. Benedict Center, NH, independent chapels worldwide, and the faithful remnant of the SSPX.  As for the 'official' SSPX, who knows what they do anymore.]


    Legacy





    Relics associated with St Peter Canisius

    In recognition of Canisius' early work in the establishment of Jesuit education, there are multiple educational institutions named for him. Among them is the Canisius College for seminarians in Vienna, Austria, the first institution named for him, as well as Canisius College, a Jesuit secondary school in his hometown of Nijmegen and the alma mater of Peter Hans Kolvenbach, a recent Superior General of the Society of Jesus. Another Canisius College, a university, and Canisius High School, a secondary school, are located in Buffalo, New York. Furthermore, a Jesuit-run Canisius Kolleg can be found in Berlin, Germany. There is also a secondary school named after Canisius, Kolese Kanisius (Collegium Canisianum or Canisius College), in Jakarta, Indonesia.

    In addition, there is a primary school: Basisschool Petrus Canisius in Puth in Limburg, Netherlands. In 1850 the Canisius Hospital was established on the corner of the Houtmarkt and the Pauwelstraat in Nijmegen. In 1974 it merged with Wilhelmina Hospital located at the Weg door Jonkerbos in Nijmegen, to become "Canisius-Wilhemina Hospital.

    The Apologetische Vereniging St. Petrus Canisius (St. Peter Canisius Association for Apologetics) was founded in the Netherlands in 1904. The purpose of this association was the defense of the Roman Catholic Church against new values of socialism and liberalism and the restoration of the society with a more Catholic way of life.


    Works
       Wikimedia Commons has media related to Petrus Canisius.

        (1555) Summa doctrinae christianae (A Summary of Christian Teachings)

    The longer version (with quotes from authority):

        Vol. 1: Faith, Hope, Charity, the Precepts of the Church
        Vol. 2: The Sacraments
        Vol. 3: Christian Justification, good works, Cardinal Virtues, Gifts and Fruits of the Holy Ghost, Eight Beatitudes, Evangelical Counsels, etc.

        (1556) Catechismus minor (A Smaller Catechism)
        (1558) Parvus catechismus catholicorum (A Little Catechism for Catholics)

    References

        Jump up ^ The Catholic Encyclopedia "Blessed Peter Canisius"
        Jump up ^ The college was lost by the Jesuits at the time of their Suppression in 1773. First under the administration of the local diocese and then of the canton, the college, now known as St. Michael College, continues to exist as a coeducational preparatory institution.
        Jump up ^ Society of Jesus "Our Saints"
        Jump up ^ Catholic Encyclopedia
        Jump up ^ Website of the college [1](French)
        Jump up ^ Burg, Kontroverslexikon, Essen, 1903 224
        Jump up ^ Burg 225
        ^ Jump up to: a b Stegmüller, 1052)
        Jump up ^ Streicher, 95,245,267
        Jump up ^ This sentence appeared for the first time in his Catechism of 1555 (Streicher Catechismi, I, 12)
        Jump up ^ Otto Stegmüller 1063
        Jump up ^ *"Lives of the Saints, For Every Day of the Year" edited by Rev. Hugo Hoever, S.O.Cist., Ph.D., New York: Catholic Book Publishing Co., 1955, p.164

    External links

        Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Blessed Peter Canisius". Catholic Encyclopedia. Robert Appleton Company.
        Canisius College Jakarta's official web site
        Kolese Kanisius Jakarta in Wikipedia
        Website of Canisius Kolleg Berlin, Germany (German)
        Website of Canisius College, Buffalo, New York, United States

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    Offline Neil Obstat

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    Saint Peter Canisius, Confessor, Doctor of the Church
    « Reply #1 on: February 06, 2014, 01:26:54 AM »
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    In all honesty, I find it rather impossible to imagine a more powerfully appropriate saint for our time than St. Peter Canisius, the great Doctor of the Church, the Second Apostle of Germany (St. Boniface, 8th century, preceded him), founder of several colleges, pastor of missions entrusted to him by four pontiffs, the hammer of heretics (title shared with St. Anthony of Padua), Jerome and Augustine of the 16th century, and defender of the Church against the gates of hell.  He stopped the progress of Protestantism and caused Catholic life to flourish.





    This following short bio is missing some details as if it presumes you already have a familiarity with the story (which you would now have if you had now read the opening post, above!).  I'm posting it here, though, because even though it curiously lacks a few elaborations, it nonetheless contains several great pronouncements the likes of which the "demythologizers" of Germany were so intent on REMOVING from all Catholic literature during the abominable revolution, subject to the unclean spirit of Vat.II.

    It would seem those "demythologizers of Germany" had ancestors who St. Peter faced personally, and it would then take four more centuries of 'evolution' before their progeny would rise to make war anew on the Doctor Himself.  He was beatified none too soon, and he was canonized almost too late.  Can you imagine him being proclaimed a Doctor of the Church today?!?!

    Maybe someone could fill me in on what Pope Francis (also a Jesuit!) had to say about this fine Doctor on his "feast day" of Decmber 21st?  I'm sorry to say, I wasn't paying much attention.  I wish I had made this post two months ago!!! (For those who would argue that I'm two months early with it.)




    Here is the page found in the St. Andrew's Missal for St. Peter Canisius:




    April 27

    St. Peter Canisius, C
    ONFESSOR AND DOCTOR OF THE
    CHURCH *

    Double    White vestments


    He was born at Nimgen, Holland on May 8th, 1521 ;  he died at Fribourg, Switzerland, on December 21st, 1597 ;  was beatified by Pius IX ;  canonized and proclaimed Doctor of the Church by Pope Pius XI.  His feast was extended to the universal Church on November 24th, 1926.  It is fitting that this Dutch saint should be called the [second] Apostle of Germany, the hammer of heretics, the Jerome and Augustine of his century, the defender of the Church against the gates of hell.  By his eloquent preaching, controversy and books of piety by the foundation of several colleges, by the missions entrusted to him by four sovereign Pontiffs, he stopped the progress of Protestantism and caused Catholic life to flourish.  He assisted as a theologian at the Council of Trent, and maintained the interests of the Church at the diet of Augsburg and at the Conference of Worms.  Profoundly humble, he refused the bishoprics of Vienna and Cologne.  We owe to him the first catechism of Christian doctrine which suffices to entitle him to the gratitude of Catholics.  He ended his days at the college of St. Michael, Fribourg, where pilgrims visit his room and pray at his tomb.

    Mass:  In medio, from the Common of Doctors, p. 1658, except:

    Collect
    O God, who didst strengthen blessed Peter thy confessor in virtue and doctrine for the defence of the Catholic faith :  grant in thy mercy, that by his example and teaching the erring may be brought to repentance, and the faithful persevere in confession of the truth.  Through our Lord.

    Deus, qui ad tuendam catholicam fidem beatum Petrum Cofessorem tuum virtute et doctrina roborasti :  concede propitius :  ut ejus exemplis et monitis errantes ad salutem resipiscant, et fideles in veritatis confessione perseverent.  Per Dominum.



    *See Historical Summary p. 748
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    Offline Neil Obstat

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    Saint Peter Canisius, Confessor, Doctor of the Church
    « Reply #2 on: February 06, 2014, 01:34:46 AM »
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    There are three versions of the famous Catechism of St. Peter Canisius.

    The biggest one he produced in Latin and in German.

    Here is a Google Books link to the Latin version:


    http://books.google.com/books?id=bvwTAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false


    (Stamp on front page says, "DIVINITY SCHOOL LIBRARY HARVARD UNIVERSITY")



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