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Traditional Catholic Faith => Fighting Errors in the Modern World => The Earth God Made - Flat Earth, Geocentrism => Topic started by: mw2016 on March 28, 2017, 12:35:32 AM

Title: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: mw2016 on March 28, 2017, 12:35:32 AM
I'm going to demonstrate in one simple math calculation why Robert Sungenis's, Fr. Pfeiffer's, and cassini's version of geocentrism is wrong - and simultaneously prove why the flat earth model is correct.

First: All three - Sungenis, Fr. Pfeiffer, and cassini - hold the Bible to be true and correct where it states that the earth DOES NOT MOVE. 

See: 1 Chronicles 16:30, Psalm 93:1, Psalm 96:10, Psalm 104:5 Isaiah 45:18.
Since they hold that the earth does not move, this means the earth can neither travel in a circuit around the sun, nor does it rotate on its axis.
However, this creates a little problem: the heliocentric model states that day/night is caused by the earth rotating on its axis. If there is no movement of earth, because it is stationary and unmoving according to the Bible, then this means there can be no rotation.
So only the sun can be in motion.
Therefore, in order for us to have day and night, the sun would have to go around the earth:
 ONCE EVERY 24 HOURS.
If you take the figure that Sungenis, Fr. P. and cassini accept for the distance to the sun, of 93 million miles, then one can calculate the distance the sun must travel going around the earth in a single 24 hour day.
If earth is center, and the radius of this circuit (R) is the distance of 93 million miles, we can calculate the circuмference (C).
The equation is C = 2 x pi x R
C = 2 x 3.14 x 93 million miles
C = 584 million miles
584 million miles per day/ 24 hours in a day = 24.3 million MPH (speed of the sun)
Does ANYONE here really believe the sun is moving at an eye-watering speed of 24.3 million MPH around the earth every day?
Because that is what the math gives you, if you partially adhere to the Bible's stationary geocentrism, while simultaneously trying to adhere to NASA and heliocentrism's distance of the sun being 93 million miles from earth.

Therefore, the Bible is correct. The earth is a flat, stationary plain, and the sun is rotating above it in a circuit every 24 hours.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: noOneImportant on March 28, 2017, 01:07:47 AM
"Prove":
"Proof" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2y8Sx4B2Sk)
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: Nadir on March 28, 2017, 01:11:34 AM
I've not taken much interest in this topic and have not read much of what has been said about it. But I do know that the sun rises approximately every 24 hours period. And depending on the time of the year and the location, for me the sun is visible for anything from 10 to 14+ hours. In other words the sun disappears on a daily basis. 

Pardon my ignorance but, earth being the centre of the circle, does the circuмference, and hence the sun, pass below the flat stationary plain which is the earth?

You say the sun is rotating above it in a circuit every 24 hours. Why is it then that the sun disappears from sight?

Quote
Does ANYONE here really believe the sun is moving at an eye-watering speed of 24.3 million MPH around the earth every day?
I tend to take figures like 93,000,000 miles distance from earth to sun with a pinch of salt, and wonder on what premise these statements are made. But I couldn't argue that they are wrong.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: Truth is Eternal on March 28, 2017, 10:34:32 AM
I've not taken much interest in this topic and have not read much of what has been said about it. But I do know that the sun rises approximately every 24 hours period. And depending on the time of the year and the location, for me the sun is visible for anything from 10 to 14+ hours. In other words the sun disappears on a daily basis.

Pardon my ignorance but, earth being the centre of the circle, does the circuмference, and hence the sun, pass below the flat stationary plain which is the earth?

You say the sun is rotating above it in a circuit every 24 hours. Why is it then that the sun disappears from sight?
I tend to take figures like 93,000,000 miles distance from earth to sun with a pinch of salt, and wonder on what premise these statements are made. But I couldn't argue that they are wrong.
The Sun Never Sets On The Flat Earth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Zy_qg5EbJk (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Zy_qg5EbJk)
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: SoldierOfChrist on March 28, 2017, 12:06:06 PM
I think 'move' here means change place; not change position.  The blood moves through your veins, but when you're standing in place we say that you haven't moved.  But blood moved through your veins, your organs might have shifted positions, maybe you even jumped up and down and turned around.  There is still a sense in which we could say that you haven't moved.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: happenby on March 28, 2017, 12:39:51 PM
I think 'move' here means change place; not change position.  The blood moves through your veins, but when you're standing in place we say that you haven't moved.  But blood moved through your veins, your organs might have shifted positions, maybe you even jumped up and down and turned around.  There is still a sense in which we could say that you haven't moved.
Um.  You are kidding right?  Changed place/position depends on what is moving.  Blood moving through veins actually changes place and the fixed organs are a separate thing entirely.  Why do people muddy the water?  Look at the sun. Look at the moon. Look at the earth.  Read scripture.  Wonder what's moving.  Come to conclusion.  Is it possible that earth moves as you've been told by anti-Catholic establishment? If so, skip philosophic non possibilities and explain why.  mw2016's posit here is excellent and demands people take another look at the ridiculous notion that the earth is round with the sun moving 25,000,000 mph in order to make an orbit around earth that is a distant 93,000,000 miles away.  Any reasonable person can see that is not possible and should then reconsider scripture's version of God's creation. 
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: happenby on March 28, 2017, 01:04:55 PM
This is big stuff.  Robert Sungenis is supposed to be Catholic.  Why is he positioning himself to save the pagan heliocentric version of creation? Sungenis' modern take on heliocentrism, that earth is a stationary ball, but sun moves around it in a huge orbit is ridiculous. The ball earth notion is at odds with scripture, gen 1:6-7 and many other passages. Sungenis has been challenged about his errors but won't repent. I was kicked off the Principle FB page for asking a flat earth question.  What are they afraid of?  If indeed people care to know and bother to think they'd see the sun which is supposed to be 93,000,000 miles away cannot be jetting at 25,000,000 MPH around the non-spinning ball earth.  C'mon guys.  25,000,000 miles per hour?  I don't know what Sungenis says about how his hanging mid air ball earth hangs there without a foundation, but if earth is fixed and hanging there, and isn't spinning, how does "gravity" work?  What is wrong with modern man? Catholics even!  People are so destabilized by the chaotic moving foundation they live on, in the heliocentric system they are indoctrinated with, they are no longer able to think.

Excellent mw2016 :applause:  
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: mw2016 on March 28, 2017, 01:18:51 PM
I think 'move' here means change place; not change position.  The blood moves through your veins, but when you're standing in place we say that you haven't moved.  But blood moved through your veins, your organs might have shifted positions, maybe you even jumped up and down and turned around.  There is still a sense in which we could say that you haven't moved.
:facepalm:
This is one of the dumber things I have ever read here.
The Bible is literal. It says the "earth does not move from its foundation."
The Bible also says "He who does not eat of My flesh and drink of My blood shall have no life in him."
These are hard teachings - BOTH of them.
The earth DOES NOT MOVE. You have to eat Him if you want to have everlasting life.
The end.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: SoldierOfChrist on March 28, 2017, 01:52:23 PM
Lots of things in the Bible are literal but don't mean what you think they mean.  The problem is not with the Bible.  The problem is with our reading of the Bible.  Holy Mother Church tells us how it is to be understood, how it is not to be understood, and where there is room for discussion.  If my statement is so "dumb", then please provide me with an intelligent response, containing infallible pronouncements, indicating the faithful are bound to believe it in the sense statedin the original post, and that they are prohibited from believing it in the sense proposed by Sungenis.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: mw2016 on March 28, 2017, 02:25:20 PM
  If my statement is so "dumb", then please provide me with an intelligent response, containing infallible pronouncements, indicating the faithful are bound to believe it in the sense statedin the original post, and that they are prohibited from believing it in the sense proposed by Sungenis.
It is, de fide, that we are to firstly and always take the literal meaning of any Bible passage. This is also in the writings of ALL the doctors of the Church.
Therefore, when you read the passage the "earth does not move" you are to FIRSTLY interpret it in a LITERAL sense BEFORE any other.
The end.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: mw2016 on March 28, 2017, 02:31:17 PM
Psalm 104:5 "Who hast founded the earth upon its own bases: it shall not be moved for ever and ever."
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: happenby on March 28, 2017, 02:40:41 PM
Lots of things in the Bible are literal but don't mean what you think they mean.  The problem is not with the Bible.  The problem is with our reading of the Bible.  Holy Mother Church tells us how it is to be understood, how it is not to be understood, and where there is room for discussion.  If my statement is so "dumb", then please provide me with an intelligent response, containing infallible pronouncements, indicating the faithful are bound to believe it in the sense statedin the original post, and that they are prohibited from believing it in the sense proposed by Sungenis.
The problem with your assessment is that you assume we do not know what the Church has said on this subject.  But we  do know.  The Church has ALWAYS been geocentric flat earth, citing scripture to prove Her position!   In fact, during the Galileo Affair St Robert Bellarmine said on the subject of geocentrism vs heliocentrism: “It will not do to say that this is not a matter of faith, because though it may not be a matter of faith ex parte objecti or as regards the subject treated, yet it is a matter of faith ex parte dicentis, or as regards Him who announces it. Thus he who should deny that Abraham had two sons and Jacob twelve would be just as much a heretic as a man who should deny the Virgin Birth of Christ, because it is the Holy Spirit who makes known both truths by the mouth of the Prophets and Apostles.”
The Church has two infallible pronouncements on the subject of heliocentrism and as such, that theory is condemned. However, there are excellent Catholic treatises on the subject that refine all points for those interested in delving into the Church's official position. The Theological Status of Heliocentrism
O  October 1997 J. S. Daly  http://www.ldolphin.org/geocentricity/Daly.pdf

IN   As for Robert Sungenis' theory, it remains a heliocentric theory with a ball shaped earth.  
The The Church has never held this possibility and Sungenis doesn't even try to show She did.
 In fact Sungenis looks like he uses 100% pagan sources for his theories as seen here:
  http://flatearthtrads.forumga.net/t103-critique-of-robert-sungenis-article-against-flat-earth
t
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: cassini on March 28, 2017, 03:34:41 PM
I'm going to demonstrate in one simple math calculation why Robert Sungenis's, Fr. Pfeiffer's, and cassini's version of geocentrism is wrong - and simultaneously prove why the flat earth model is correct.

First: All three - Sungenis, Fr. Pfeiffer, and cassini - hold the Bible to be true and correct where it states that the earth DOES NOT MOVE.

See: 1 Chronicles 16:30, Psalm 93:1, Psalm 96:10, Psalm 104:5 Isaiah 45:18.
Since they hold that the earth does not move, this means the earth can neither travel in a circuit around the sun, nor does it rotate on its axis.
However, this creates a little problem: the heliocentric model states that day/night is caused by the earth rotating on its axis. If there is no movement of earth, because it is stationary and unmoving according to the Bible, then this means there can be no rotation.
So only the sun can be in motion.
Therefore, in order for us to have day and night, the sun would have to go around the earth:
ONCE EVERY 24 HOURS.
If you take the figure that Sungenis, Fr. P. and cassini accept for the distance to the sun, of 93 million miles, then one can calculate the distance the sun must travel going around the earth in a single 24 hour day.
If earth is center, and the radius of this circuit (R) is the distance of 93 million miles, we can calculate the circuмference (C).
The equation is C = 2 x pi x R
C = 2 x 3.14 x 93 million miles
C = 584 million miles
584 million miles per day/ 24 hours in a day = 24.3 million MPH (speed of the sun)
Does ANYONE here really believe the sun is moving at an eye-watering speed of 24.3 million MPH around the earth every day?
Because that is what the math gives you, if you partially adhere to the Bible's stationary geocentrism, while simultaneously trying to adhere to NASA and heliocentrism's distance of the sun being 93 million miles from earth.

Therefore, the Bible is correct. The earth is a flat, stationary plain, and the sun is rotating above it in a circuit every 24 hours.

Measuring the distance of the sun from the earth and other planets is near impossible without proper instrumentation that Copernicus did not have. Estimates based on earth-diameters were all the early astronomers could manage. Ptolemy estimated the sun to be 610 earth-diameters away. Copernicus ‘corrected’ this estimate to 571, which was even further from the actual distance than Ptolemy. The first astronomer to achieve the realistic magnitudes for the sun and planets was Domenico Cassini. He estimated the distance of the sun from the earth - now said to be approximately 11,650 earth-diameters – at 10,305 earth-diameters. 


‘In 1672 Cassini took advantage of a good opposition of Mars to determine the distance between the Earth and that planet. He arranged for Jean Richer (1630-1696) to make measurements from his base in Cayenne, on the north eastern coast of South Africa, while Cassini made simultaneous measurements in Paris which permitted them to make a triangulation of Mars with a baseline of nearly 10,000 kilometres. This derived a good approximation for the distance between the Earth and Mars, from which Cassini was able to deduce many other astronomical distances. These included the Astronomical Unit [the distance of the sun from the earth] which Cassini found to be 138 million kilometres, only 11 million kilometres too little [that is, according to today’s proposed measurements of 92.96 million miles]. ---David Abbot: Astronomers, The Biographical Dictionary of Scientists, Blonde Educational, 1984, p.35.

 Does ANYONE here really believe the sun is moving at an eye-watering speed of 24.3 million MPH around the earth every day?

Are you questioning God's ability to move celestial bodies or the universe itself at any speed for that is what your question proposes. Nothing is beyond the ability of God.

The flat-earth proposal depends on the unbelievable idea that all space photography of a curved earth is one of the biggest hoaxes ever, with thousands and thousands of global-earthers conspiring to keep the flat-earth a secret with not one whistler-blower ever to emerge over 50 years. There may well be relative facts that could be used by both FEers and GEers but there is so much (like distances and now speeds) that have to be denied to procure a flat-earth that we are still a million miles away from a proven flat earth. The evidence for a global earth is enough to convince me at any rate that The Child of Prague got it right.







Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: SoldierOfChrist on March 28, 2017, 03:53:36 PM
Haha, yeah.  I've heard of "Scientists and engineers for 9/11 truth".  Never heard of "Scientists and engineers for flat earth truth".  That would really surprise me.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: mw2016 on March 28, 2017, 03:55:06 PM
  Never heard of "Scientists and engineers for flat earth truth".  That would really surprise me.
It's on Mark Sargent's YT channel. 
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: mw2016 on March 28, 2017, 03:57:01 PM
Are you questioning God's ability to move celestial bodies or the universe itself at any speed for that is what your question proposes. Nothing is beyond the ability of God.


Please explain day/night on your version of geocentrism, which includes the Biblical non-rotating, non-moving earth.
Thanks!
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: SoldierOfChrist on March 28, 2017, 04:04:04 PM
Psalm 104:5 "Who hast founded the earth upon its own bases: it shall not be moved for ever and ever."
If you are going to accuse others of error, at least do us the service of quoting from a Catholic Bible.  This is either the Darby bible or the Good News Translation.  Especially when we're talking about semantics of individual words, protty texts aren't going to cut it.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: SoldierOfChrist on March 28, 2017, 04:17:57 PM
Let's look at the Latin for starters.  Psalms 103:5 "qui fundasti terram super basem suam non commovebitur in saeculum et in saeculum"

Commovebitur (from online latin dictionary dot com)

1 passive form of [commoveo (http://www.online-latin-dictionary.com/latin-english-dictionary.php?lemma=COMMOVEO100)]
2 to shake, to stir up, to agitate
3 to displace (emphasis mine), to disturb, to trouble, to worry, to upset
4 to jolt
5 to excite
6 to waken
7 to provoke
8 (money or camp) to move
9 to produce
10 (war) to cause, start
11 (point) to raise

Now this is just the Latin translation from the original (Hebrew?).  So let's say that the latin meant commovebitur in the sense of "to be displaced", as it is clearly listed in the third definition of this word.  Why should we then assume that the literal interpretation must be the eighth sense of the word listed in authoritative latin dictionaries?
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: SoldierOfChrist on March 28, 2017, 04:22:52 PM
The group is on Mark Sargent's youtube channel?  Shouldn't they have a website of their own if they are indeed a group?
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: happenby on March 28, 2017, 04:36:17 PM
Measuring the distance of the sun from the earth and other planets is near impossible without proper instrumentation that Copernicus did not have. Estimates based on earth-diameters were all the early astronomers could manage. Ptolemy estimated the sun to be 610 earth-diameters away. Copernicus ‘corrected’ this estimate to 571, which was even further from the actual distance than Ptolemy. The first astronomer to achieve the realistic magnitudes for the sun and planets was Domenico Cassini. He estimated the distance of the sun from the earth - now said to be approximately 11,650 earth-diameters – at 10,305 earth-diameters.  


‘In 1672 Cassini took advantage of a good opposition of Mars to determine the distance between the Earth and that planet. He arranged for Jean Richer (1630-1696) to make measurements from his base in Cayenne, on the north eastern coast of South Africa, while Cassini made simultaneous measurements in Paris which permitted them to make a triangulation of Mars with a baseline of nearly 10,000 kilometres. This derived a good approximation for the distance between the Earth and Mars, from which Cassini was able to deduce many other astronomical distances. These included the Astronomical Unit [the distance of the sun from the earth] which Cassini found to be 138 million kilometres, only 11 million kilometres too little [that is, according to today’s proposed measurements of 92.96 million miles]. ---David Abbot: Astronomers, The Biographical Dictionary of Scientists, Blonde Educational, 1984, p.35.

 Does ANYONE here really believe the sun is moving at an eye-watering speed of 24.3 million MPH around the earth every day?

Are you questioning God's ability to move celestial bodies or the universe itself at any speed for that is what your question proposes. Nothing is beyond the ability of God.

The flat-earth proposal depends on the unbelievable idea that all space photography of a curved earth is one of the biggest hoaxes ever, with thousands and thousands of global-earthers conspiring to keep the flat-earth a secret with not one whistler-blower ever to emerge over 50 years. There may well be relative facts that could be used by both FEers and GEers but there is so much (like distances and now speeds) that have to be denied to procure a flat-earth that we are still a million miles away from a proven flat earth. The evidence for a global earth is enough to convince me at any rate that The Child of Prague got it right.


Are you questioning God's ability to move celestial bodies or the universe itself at any speed for that is what your question proposes. Nothing is beyond the ability of God.

I question that God supercedes his own laws of physics to promote relativity.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: happenby on March 28, 2017, 04:49:07 PM
Let's look at the Latin for starters.  Psalms 103:5 "qui fundasti terram super basem suam non commovebitur in saeculum et in saeculum"

Commovebitur (from online latin dictionary dot com)

1 passive form of [commoveo (http://www.online-latin-dictionary.com/latin-english-dictionary.php?lemma=COMMOVEO100)]
2 to shake, to stir up, to agitate
3 to displace (emphasis mine), to disturb, to trouble, to worry, to upset
4 to jolt
5 to excite
6 to waken
7 to provoke
8 (money or camp) to move
9 to produce
10 (war) to cause, start
11 (point) to raise

Now this is just the Latin translation from the original (Hebrew?).  So let's say that the latin meant commovebitur in the sense of "to be displaced", as it is clearly listed in the third definition of this word.  Why should we then assume that the literal interpretation must be the eighth sense of the word listed in authoritative latin dictionaries?

The Church has a long history of believing the earth is not round and that it doesn't move.  The above blurb on Latin definitions of 'move' does nothing for your case and doesn't even make sense when you pose your proof as a question you yourself cannot answer.  The Church fathers have discussed this plenty.  You are just unaware of it. St. Augustine, Severian, Bshp of Gabala, St. Jerome, Cosmas, Methodius, St. John Chrysostom and many others confirmed earth is flat and geocentric, a snow globe, as it were.  All saints agree that antipodes do not exist, (that people in Australia walking upside down to the rest because they are on a ball) is at the level of doctrine since it has been held universally for over 1,000 years, as historians reveal.  Some saints did think the earth might be round, but they prove themselves unaware of previous teaching in their writings, and of course, not in agreement with scripture. Not one shred of evidence shows that the Church taught anything except geocentrism.  Ball geocentrism, supported by Sungenis-esque pagan authorities is no proof of anything except flat earth.    
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: SoldierOfChrist on March 28, 2017, 05:11:15 PM
The burden of proof is on you two.  Mw2016 said this was gonna be proof.  Let's see the authoritative texts stating the Earth is flat.  Of course I believe in geocentrism.  Most of us do here, so stop with the pro-geocentric arguments.  It's unnecessary and repetitive.  Show the texts of the fathers supporting flat earth.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: mw2016 on March 28, 2017, 06:08:41 PM
If you are going to accuse others of error, at least do us the service of quoting from a Catholic Bible.  This is either the Darby bible or the Good News Translation.  Especially when we're talking about semantics of individual words, protty texts aren't going to cut it.
Are you mildly retarded? If not, then I am sure you know that the numbers for Psalms are different between the two, but the text is the same.
"Who hast founded the earth upon its own bases: it shall not be moved for ever and ever."
Psalm 103:5-7/DRV

" Qui fundasti terram super stabilitatem suam, non inclinabitur in saeculum saeculi."

http://www.drbo.org/x/d?b=drb&bk=21&ch=103&l=5#x
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: mw2016 on March 28, 2017, 06:12:58 PM
The group is on Mark Sargent's youtube channel?  Shouldn't they have a website of their own if they are indeed a group?
Mark Sargent has a collection of interviews with surveyors, engineers, pilots, sailors, etc. who all assent to the truth of flat earth and demonstrate why on his YT channel.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: happenby on March 28, 2017, 06:22:35 PM
The burden of proof is on you two.  Mw2016 said this was gonna be proof.  Let's see the authoritative texts stating the Earth is flat.  Of course I believe in geocentrism.  Most of us do here, so stop with the pro-geocentric arguments.  It's unnecessary and repetitive.  Show the texts of the fathers supporting flat earth.
•Gen 1. 6 And God said: Let there be a firmament made amidst the waters: and let it divide the waters from the waters.
Gen 1.7 And God made a firmament, and divided the waters that were under the firmament, from those that were above the firmament, and it was so.

Severian, Bishop of Gabala – Depended upon Scriptures for view of the earth.  “The earth is flat and the sun does not pass under it in the night, but travels through the northern parts as if hidden by a wall 1.
  [15]  He shared John Chrysostom’s fundamentalism and opposition to pagan learning. SEVERIAN OF GABALA ON THE CREATION OF THE WORLD
     He made the upper heavens about which David sang: "The heaven of the heavens is the Lord's."6 This heaven forms in a certain way the upper stage of the firmament. As in any two-story house, there is an intermediate stage; well in this building which is the world, the Creator has prepared the sky as an intermediate level, and he has put it over the waters; from where this passage of David: "It is you who covered with water its upper part.“

Noted St. Augustine scholar Leo Ferrari, concluded that Augustine was familiar with the Greek theory of a spherical earth, nevertheless, (following in the footsteps of his fellow North African, Lactantius), he was firmly convinced that the earth was flat and was one of the two biggest bodies in existence and that it lay at the bottom of the universe. Apparently Augustine saw this picture as more useful for scriptural exegesis than the global earth at the centre of an immense universe.

"There are some who assert that this mass is like a point and a globe. What then will the land be over?" St. Jerome, Commentary on Isaiah
http:// (http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/2001/PSCF9-01Schneider.html)www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/2001/PSCF9-01Schneider.html (http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/2001/PSCF9-01Schneider.html)   Passage:

"Greek gýros turns up in its transliterated form gyrus--present in Roman literature as early as Lucretius (mid-first century BC)--in the Latin versions of the Bible as well.27 St. Jerome (c. 340-420), the early Latin Church's master linguist and Bible translator, began his work on the Old Testament by creating a standard version from the several unreliable Old Latin recensions then in existence, using as a valuable aid Origen's fair copy of the Hexapla which he consulted in the library at Caesarea around 386 AD.28 The Old Latin recensions were based on the LXX and commonly rendered this same portion of Isa. 40:22a as "qui tenet gyrum terrae."29 Later, when he prepared a new version from the Hebrew that would become part of the Vulgate, he kept the Old Latin reading, changing only the verb tenet, "dwells," to sedet, "sits."30 And in his Commentary on Isaiah, Jerome, who is regarded by critics today as a competent and careful scholar,31 specifically rejected the notion that in this verse the prophet is referring to a spherical earth." 32
Footnote for 32:
32S. Hieronymi Presbyteri Commentariorum In Esaiam Libri, XI, ed. M. Adriaen. Corpus Christianorum, 73 (Turnholt, Belgium: Brepols, 1963), 2:463. Jerome's comment shows that interpreting the Bible in light of current scientific theory or knowledge has a long history in Christianity. Having in mind the popular Aristotelian theory of the four elements, which makes earth the heaviest and water the lighter element, he states that God "[had] established the great mass of the land and had gathered it together above the seas and rivers, so that the heaviest element [earth] hangs over the lighter weight waters by the will of God, who like a king sits above the circle of the earth." (Deus, qui tantam molem terrae fundas[set] et super maria et super flumina collocasset eam, ut elementum grauissimum super tenues aquas Dei penderet arbitrio, qui instar regis sedet super gyrum terrae.) Although, he adds: "there are some who assert that this mass is like a point and globe" [scil., in the center of the universe, according to Greek theory] ... (Ex quo nonnulli quasi punctum et globum eam [molem terrae] esse contendunt ...), Jerome rejects this assertion: "What, then, will the land be over ...?" (Quid igitur superbit terra ...?) (ibid., xl, 21/26).


Those "some" Jerome had in mind may have been Christian contemporaries, but he also may have been reminded of the views expressed in the works of one of his favorite pagan authors, Cicero, who uses punctum and globum to characterize the earth in Republic, 6.16, and Tusculan Disputations, 1.68, respectively, though it is not clear that in the latter Cicero is referring to a spherical earth, as some have contended: see the note loc. cit. by J. E. King, ed. and trans., Cicero, Tusculan Disputations. Loeb Classical Library (London: Heinemann, 1966), 80.

St. Cyril of Jerusalem –  He followed Basil’s teaching and was a flat earther, using quotes from the Bible portraying earth with firmament floating on water using Gen. i. 6.  He wrote in his Catechetical Lectures: Lecture IX: “Him who reared the sky as a dome, who out of the fluid nature of the waters formed the stable substance of the heaven. For God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the water. God spake once for all, and it stands fast, and falls not. The heaven is water, and the orbs therein, sun, moon, and stars are of fire: and how do the orbs of fire run their course in the water? But if any one disputes this because of the opposite natures of fire and water, let him remember the fire which in the time of Moses in Egypt flamed amid the hail…”

Methodius:
“Resuming  then,  let  us  first  lay  bare,  in  speaking of  those  things  according  to  our  power,  the imposture  of  those  who  boast  as  though  they  alone  had  comprehended  from  what  forms  the  heaven  is arranged,  in  accordance  with  the  hypothesis  of  the  Chaldeans  and  Egyptians.  For *they*  say  that  the circuмference  of  the  world  is  likened  to  the  turnings  of  a  well‐rounded  globe,  the  earth  having  a central  point.  For  its  outline  being  spherical,  it  is  necessary,  *they*  say,  since  there  are  the  same  distances of  the  parts,  that  the  earth  should  be  the  center  of  the  universe,  around  which  as  being  older,  the  heaven is  whirling.  For  if  a  circuмference  is  described  from  the  central  point,  which  seems  to  be  a  circle,  ‐  for  it is  impossible  for  a  circle  to  be  described  without  a  point,  and  it  is  impossible  for  a  circle  to  be  without  a point,  ‐  surely  the  earth  consisted  before  all,  they  say,  in  a  state  of  chaos  and  disorganization.  Now certainly  the  wretched  ones  were  overwhelmed  in  the  chaos  of  error,  “because  that,  when  they  knew  God, they  glorified  Him  not  as  God…
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: happenby on March 28, 2017, 06:24:27 PM
Provided above are only a few quotes of the Fathers, saints and scripture.  We could be here all day with the proof available.  In the meantime, do not persist in being contrary to what you have not studied.  There is a lot to know about flat earth.  

Also notice  I use scripture and Catholic saints/fathers for proof.  Sungenis ONLY uses pagans and anti-Catholics to try to prove his fake ball case.  I wonder which one will hold up when the time comes?

Any honest traditional Catholic that reads Sungenis' debunking of flat earth and then reads my response to Sungenis will see that he is firmly rooted in the modern world and atheistic science and scientists.  My sources remain totally Catholic, or at least, not contrary to Catholic teaching. 
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: mw2016 on March 28, 2017, 06:24:46 PM

Pardon my ignorance but, earth being the centre of the circle, does the circuмference, and hence the sun, pass below the flat stationary plain which is the earth?

You say the sun is rotating above it in a circuit every 24 hours. Why is it then that the sun disappears from sight?

This is due to the law of perspective.
From where you stand on the flat plane of earth, from your perspective, all objects reach what is called "the vanishing point" where they converge and disappear from view (from your perspective) but not in reality.
It's like looking down the highway at the painted lines on the road - they converge and disappear from view, but you know if you drove a few miles down the road, the lines are still there, still in a straight line.
It's the same with the sun. It doesn't literally go "down" it only disappears from your point of view from your perspective, and if you had a super-fast vehicle that could drive you 1,000 miles down the road in a few moments, the sun would still be "up."
Do you see?
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: happenby on March 28, 2017, 07:49:17 PM
More Catholic teaching on flat earth.

The book of Ezekiel speaks of Jerusalem as in the middle of the earth, and all other parts of the world as set around the holy city. Throughout the "ages of faith" this was very generally accepted as the direct revelation from the Almighty regarding the earth's form. St. Jerome, the greatest authority of the early Church upon the Bible, declared, on the strength of this utterance of the prophet, that Jerusalem could be nowhere but at the earth's center; in the ninth century Archbishop Rabanus Maurus reiterated the same argument; in the eleventh century Hugh of St. Victor gave to the doctrine another scriptural demonstration; and Poe Urban, in his great sermon at Clermont urging the Franks to the crusade, declared, "Jerusalem is the middle point of the earth"; in the thirteenth century and ecclesiastical writer much in vogue, the monk Caesarious of Heisterbach declared, "As the heart in the midst of the body, so is Jerusalem situated in the midst of our in habited earth,--so it was that Christ was crucified at the center of the earth." Dante accepted this view of Jerusalem as a certainty, wedding it to immortal verse: and in the pious book of ascribed to Sir John Mandeville, so widely read in the Middle Ages, it is declared that Jerusalem is at the center of the world, and that a spear standing erect at the Holy Sepulchre casts no shadow at the equinox.

It is impossible that Jerusalem is the center of the earth if earth is a ball.

From St. Jerome to Pope Urban is 1000 years, which this teaching being held for so long a time, may constitute revelation.  
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: SoldierOfChrist on March 28, 2017, 09:39:27 PM
Provided above are only a few quotes of the Fathers, saints and scripture.  We could be here all day with the proof available.  In the meantime, do not persist in being contrary to what you have not studied.  There is a lot to know about flat earth.  

Also notice  I use scripture and Catholic saints/fathers for proof.  Sungenis ONLY uses pagans and anti-Catholics to try to prove his fake ball case.  I wonder which one will hold up when the time comes?

Any honest traditional Catholic that reads Sungenis' debunking of flat earth and then reads my response to Sungenis will see that he is firmly rooted in the modern world and atheistic science and scientists.  My sources remain totally Catholic, or at least, not contrary to Catholic teaching.
A couple of things and then I'm going to stop reading for the night.  Early day tomorrow.  Firstly, "do not persist in being contrary to what you have not studied"?  I'm not.  I am proposing arguments and asking how you would respond to them.  The semantic argument for differing senses of words in other languages, is a topic that I have studied.  I have a bachelors degree in Applied Linguistics.  So this is a subject that I've studied and one that I understand.  
And as a Catholic, I am totally open to changing my mind on the issue if you could convince me that the Church fathers had a consensus or even a near-consensus on the issue.  So on to the proof.  I didn't read through all of your examples but I did take a look at the first two, and do some research to attempt to determine if they were solid.  The first example, Severian of Gabala, was not a Church Father.  He is presented because he is supposed to have been of one mind with St. Chrysostom.  However, not only is Severian not a Church father, but he also helped to condemn and exile St. Chrysostom, against the desire of Pope Innocent, who tried and failed to intercede on his behalf.  Then I researched the quote from St. Jerome, but I was only able to find it in a discussion forum for flat earth trads, so I can't even verify the authenticity of the quote.  I will research the others you provided when I have some time tomorrow, but needless to say, I remain unconvinced of your argument.  All the same, thank you for providing me with the quotes.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: happenby on March 28, 2017, 09:48:13 PM
A couple of things and then I'm going to stop reading for the night.  Early day tomorrow.  Firstly, "do not persist in being contrary to what you have not studied"?  I'm not.  I am proposing arguments and asking how you would respond to them.  The semantic argument for differing senses of words in other languages, is a topic that I have studied.  I have a bachelors degree in Applied Linguistics.  So this is a subject that I've studied and one that I understand.  
And as a Catholic, I am totally open to changing my mind on the issue if you could convince me that the Church fathers had a consensus or even a near-consensus on the issue.  So on to the proof.  I didn't read through all of your examples but I did take a look at the first two, and do some research to attempt to determine if they were solid.  The first example, Severian of Gabala, was not a Church Father.  He is presented because he is supposed to have been of one mind with St. Chrysostom.  However, not only is Severian not a Church father, but he also helped to condemn and exile St. Chrysostom, against the desire of Pope Innocent, who tried and failed to intercede on his behalf.  Then I researched the quote from St. Jerome, but I was only able to find it in a discussion forum for flat earth trads, so I can't even verify the authenticity of the quote.  I will research the others you provided when I have some time tomorrow, but needless to say, I remain unconvinced of your argument.  All the same, thank you for providing me with the quotes.
The quote from St. Jerome was provided by Fr. Pfeiffer in his Power Point against the flat earth.   Didn't mean to jump on you, so if I sounded harsh, forgive me.  That you are unconvinced is no problem.  Failing to continue looking into it would be the problem.  Enjoy your studies. Have a wonderful evening. 
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: happenby on March 29, 2017, 12:27:46 AM
Additional Catholic teachings on geocentrism and flat earth


“J.L.E. Dreyer, A History of Planetary 
Systems’, (1906)” A limited preview of it is here (http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BTI9AAAAIAAJ&lpg=PA211&vq=severianus&dq=%22History%20of%20the%20Planetary%20Systems%20from%20Thales%20to%20Kepler%22&pg=PA211#v=snippet&q=severianus&f=false), and Severian is on p.211-2.  Here is what is said:

A contemporary of Basil, Cyril of Jerusalem, lays great stress on the necessity of accepting as real the supercelestial waters 1, while a younger contemporary of Basil, Severianus, Bishop of Gabala, speaks out even more strongly and in more detail in his Six Orations on the Creation of the World,2, in which the cosmical system sketched in the first chapter of Genesis is explained. On the first day God made the heaven, not the one we see, but the one above that, the whole forming a house of two storeys with a roof in the middle and the waters above that. As an angel is spirit without body, so the upper heaven is fire without matter, while the lower one is fire with matter, and only by the special arrangement of providence sends its light and heat down to us, instead of upwards as other fires do3. The lower heaven was made on the second day; it is crystalline, congealed water, intended to be able to resist the flame of sun and moon and the infinite number of stars, to be full of fire and yet not dissolve nor burn, for which reason there is water on the outside. This water will also come in handy on the last day, when it will be used for putting out the fire of the sun, moon and stars4. The heaven is not a sphere, but a tent or taber­nacle; “it is He…that stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in5“; the Scripture says that it has a top, which a sphere has not, and it is also written: “The sun was risen upon the earth when Lot came unto Zoar6.” The earth is flat and the sun does not pass under it in the night, but travels through the northern parts “as if hidden by a wall,” and he quotes: “The sun goeth down and hasteth to his place where he ariseth7.” When the sun goes more to the south, the days are shorter and we have winter, as the sun takes all the longer to perform his nightly journey1.
1 Catechesis, ix., Opera, Oxford, 1703, p. 116.
2 Joh. Chrysostomi Opera, ed. Montfaucon, t. vii. (Paris, 1724), p. 436 sqq. Compare also the extracts given by Kosmas, pp. 320-325.
3 I. 4.
4 II. 3-4.
5 Isaiah xl. 22.
6 Gen. xix. 23. The above is from the Revised Version, but Severianus (III. 4) has: “Sol egressus est super terram, et Lot ingressus est in Segor. Quare liquet, Scriptura teste, egressum esse Solem, non ascendisse.”
7 Eccles. i. 5.
1 III. 5.  
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: happenby on March 29, 2017, 12:28:25 AM
Wikipedia on Severian

Severian belonged to the Antiochene school (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_of_Antioch) of exegesis (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exegesis), and his interpretations can be very literal. He is notorious for his six sermons on the Creation (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genesis_creation_narrative), in which he expresses "absurdly literal"[5] (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severian_of_Gabala#cite_note-5) views including support for the Flat Earth (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_Earth).[6] (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severian_of_Gabala#cite_note-6)  
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: happenby on March 29, 2017, 12:41:18 AM
1912 Catholic Encyclopedia  St Boniface accused Vergilius of teaching a doctrine with regard to the rotundity of the earth which was contrary to scriptures. 

Vergilius later abandoned this position.  
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: happenby on March 29, 2017, 12:51:28 AM
Enoch describes a flat earth which sits under the firmament with waters above it as well as earth and waters below.  Sun, moon and stars are found under the firmament/dome and pass over the earth entering and exiting the firmament through portals or windows.

There is abundant proof that Christ approved of the Book of Enoch. Over a hundred phrases in the New Testament find precedents in the Book of Enoch.
Two of these phrase are in the Book of Jude tells us in vs. 14 that "Enoch, the seventh from Adam, prophesied…" Jude also, in vs. 15, makes a direct reference to the Book of Enoch (2:1), where he writes, "to execute judgment on all, to convict all who are ungodly…" The time difference between Enoch and Jude is approximately 3400 years. Therefore, Jude's reference to the Enochian prophesies strongly leans toward the conclusion that these written prophecies were available to him at that time.

Many other church fathers: Tatian (110-172); Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons (115-185); Clement of Alexandria (150-220); Tertullian (160-230); Origen (186-255); Lactantius (260-330); in addition to: Methodius of Philippi, Minucius Felix, Commodianus, and Ambrose of Milan also approved of and supported the Enochian writings. Even St. Augustine (354-430) suppose the work to be a genuine one of the patriarch. 
https://www.themystica.com/mystica/articles/e/enoch_book_of_history.html
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: happenby on March 29, 2017, 01:01:52 AM

What then can be more absurd than the Pagan doctrine that the earth is in the |xvii middle of the universe? Were it in the middle, there must be something below it as well as above it; but there is nothing below it, since we learn from Genesis that God made heaven and earth, and nothing else beyond these. Here then the Pagans are at war with divine Scripture; but, not content with this, they are at war also with common sense itself and the very laws of nature, declaring, as they do, that the earth is a central sphere, and that there are Antipodes, who must be standing head-downward and on whom the rain must fall up. Introduction, Christian Topography, Cosmas Indiocopleustes 


Cosmas further demonstrates the problems in the year 550 were with the pagan beliefs that the earth was a sphere.

Book I
But should one wish to examine more elaborately the question of the Antipodes, he would easily find them to be old wives' fables. For if two men on opposite sides placed the soles of their feet each against each, whether they chose to stand on earth, or water, or air, or fire, or any other kind of body, how could both be found standing upright? The one would assuredly be found in the natural upright position, and the other, contrary to nature, head downward.20 (http://www.sacred-texts.com/earth/ct/ct03.htm#20) Such notions are opposed to reason, and alien to our nature and condition. And how, again, when it rains upon both of them, is it possible to say that the rain falls down upon the two, and not that it falls down to the one and falls up to the other, or falls against them, or towards them, or away from them. For to think that there are Antipodes compels us to think also that rain falls on them from an opposite direction to ours; and any one will, with good reason, deride these ludicrous theories, which set forth principles incongruous, ill-adjusted, and contrary to nature.

20. 1 See Cicero, Acad. Prior., 2, 39, and Plutarch, 2, 869 c., on Antipodes. Nearly all the Christian Fathers held the same opinion as Cosmas abput the Antipodes; as, for instance, Lactantius, who asks: "Est quisqam tam ineptus qui credat esse homines, quorum vestigia sint superiora quam capita?" Augustin, Chrysostom, Severianus of Gabala, Beda, were likewise anti-Antipodeans.

Book II

 The Deity accordingly having founded the earth, which is oblong, upon its own stability, bound together the extremities of the heaven with the extremities of the earth, making the nether extremities of the heaven rest upon the four extremities of the earth, while on high he formed it into a most lofty vault overspanning the length of the earth. Along the breadth again of the earth he built a wall from the nethermost extremities of the heaven upwards to the summit, and having enclosed the place, made a house, as one might call it, of enormous size, like an oblong vaulted vapour-bath. For, saith the Prophet Isaiah (xlix, 22): He who established heaven as a vault. With regard, moreover, to the glueing together of the heaven and the earth, we find this written in Job: He has inclined heaven to earth, and it has been poured out as the dust of the earth. I have welded it as a square block of stone.16 (http://www.sacred-texts.com/earth/ct/ct04.htm#16) Do not the expressions about inclining it to the earth and welding it thereto clearly show that the heaven standing as a vault has its extremities bound together with the extremities of the earth? The fact of its inclination to the earth, and its being welded with it, makes it totally inconceivable that it is a sphere.17 (http://www.sacred-texts.com/earth/ct/ct04.htm#17) |31 

Moses, likewise, in describing the table in the Tabernacle, which is an image of the earth, ordered its length to be of two cubits, and its breadth of one cubit. So then in the same way as Isaiah spoke, so do we also speak of the figure of the first heaven made on the first day, made along with the earth, and comprising along with the earth the universe, and say that its figure is vaultlike. And just as it is said in Job that the heaven has been welded to the earth, so do we again also say the same. Having learned, moreover, from Moses that the earth has been extended in length more than in breadth, we again admit this, knowing that the scriptures, which are truly divine, ought to be believed. But further, when God had produced the waters and angels and other things simultaneously with the earth and the highest heaven itself, he on the second day exposed to their vision this second heaven visible to our eyes, which, as if putting to use the creations of his own hands, he formed from the waters as his material. In appearance it is like the highest heaven, but not in figure, and it lies midway between that heaven and the earth; and God [130] having then stretched it out extended it throughout the whole space in the direction of its breadth, like an intermediate roof, and bound together the firmament with the highest heaven, separating and disparting the remainder of the waters, leaving some above the firmament, and others on the earth below the firmament, as the divine Moses explains to us, and so makes the one area or house two houses----an upper and a lower story.
==================================================
Note from happenby:
If you notice Severian of Gabala also speaks of the earth being a tabernacle-like structure with an upper and lower story.  And like the tabernacle in scripture which is a type of the earth, reflects the similarities with heaven being above, and the holy of holies, while the earth is the outer area where people gather.  
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: happenby on March 29, 2017, 01:31:43 AM
A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom by Andrew Dickenson White

A few of the larger-minded fathers of the Church, influenced possibly by Pythagorean traditions, but certainly by Aristotle and Plato, were willing to accept this view, but the majority of them took fright at once. To them it seemed fraught with dangers to Scripture, by which, of course, they meant their interpretation of Scripture. Among the first who took up arms against it was Eusebius. In view of the New Testament texts indicating the immediately approaching, end of the world, he endeavoured to turn off this idea by bringing scientific studies into contempt. Speaking of investigators, he said, "It is not through ignorance of the things admired by them, but through contempt of their useless labour, that we think little of these matters, turning our souls to better things." Basil of Caesarea declared it "a matter of no interest to us whether the earth is a sphere or a cylinder or a disk, or concave in the middle like a fan." Lactantius referred to the ideas of those studying astronomy as "bad and senseless," and opposed the doctrine of the earth's sphericity both from Scripture and reason. St. John Chrysostom also exerted his influence against this scientific belief; and Ephraem Syrus, the greatest man of the old Syrian Church, widely known as the "lute of the Holy Ghost," opposed it no less earnestly.

But the strictly biblical men of science, such eminent fathers and bishops as Theophilus of Antioch in the second century, and Clement of Alexandria in the third, with others in centuries following, were not content with merely opposing what they stigmatized as an old heathen theory; they drew from their Bibles a new Christian theory, to which one Church authority added one idea and another, until it was fully developed. Taking the survival of various early traditions, given in the seventh verse of the first chapter of Genesis, they insisted on the clear declarations of Scripture that the earth was, at creation, arched over with a solid vault, "a firmament," and to this they added the passages from Isaiah and the Psalms, in which it declared that the heavens are stretched out "like a curtain," and again "like a tent to dwell in." The universe, then, is like a house: the earth is its ground floor, the firmament its ceiling, under which the Almighty hangs out the sun to rule the day and the moon and stars to rule the night. This ceiling is also the floor of the apartment above, and in this is a cistern, shaped, as one of the authorities says, "like a bathing-tank," and containing "the waters which are above the firmament." These waters are let down upon the earth by the Almighty and his angels through the "windows of heaven." As to the movement of the sun, there was a citation of various passages in Genesis, mixed with metaphysics in various proportions, and this was thought to give ample proofs from the Bible that the earth could not be a sphere.(27)


(27) For Eusebius, see the Proep. Ev., xv, 61. For Basil, see the
Hexaemeron, Hom. ix. For Lactantius, see his Inst. Div., lib. iii, cap.
3; also citations in Whewell , Hist. Induct. Sciences, London, 1857, vol.
i, p. 194, and in St. Martin, Histoire de la Geographie, pp. 216, 217.
For the views of St. John Chrysostom, Ephraem Syrus, and other great
churchmen, see Kretschmer as above, chap i.nklhlbl


This book was written by a Protestant historian who hated the Catholic Church and thought he could make Her look stupid
by docuмenting the Church's position through saints and popes interpreting scripture as geocentric and flat.   
There is more on the subject in the book which is
available to read for free online. 
Also, highly recommended is the book Christian Topography by the Catholic monk, Cosmas Indiocopleustes also available
to read for free online.  This book has a marvelous description of Moses and the tabernacle being a copy, a microcosm
of the earth itself.   

I am going to stop here, having extended things a little in order to give you a clearer view of the Church's
geocentric flat earth position.  With antiquity showing that pagans held the round earth theory even back in 550, this
round earth theory adopted by the majority of the pagan world today, remains a serious problem.  When the Church
denounced Galileo, it denounced all the pagan notions of heliocentrism which includes round earth. 

Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: Nadir on March 29, 2017, 04:54:53 AM
This is due to the law of perspective.
From where you stand on the flat plane of earth, from your perspective, all objects reach what is called "the vanishing point" where they converge and disappear from view (from your perspective) but not in reality.
It's like looking down the highway at the painted lines on the road - they converge and disappear from view, but you know if you drove a few miles down the road, the lines are still there, still in a straight line.
It's the same with the sun. It doesn't literally go "down" it only disappears from your point of view from your perspective, and if you had a super-fast vehicle that could drive you 1,000 miles down the road in a few moments, the sun would still be "up."
Do you see?
Yes, thank you for answering my question.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: cassini on March 29, 2017, 05:04:27 AM
Please explain day/night on your version of geocentrism, which includes the Biblical non-rotating, non-moving earth.
Thanks!
The first and most obvious astronomical understanding was the relationship between the sun and the earth. From earth we see the sun rise in the east, pass overhead and disappear westward under the horizon until it appears again in the east to continue its movement. This time period, divided into 24 hours, was classed as one astronomical day. This ‘day’ was also divided into two periods, one from sunrise to sunset, called daytime, and sunset to sunrise, called night-time.

(http://i62.tinypic.com/15dukav.png)

The second recurring motion noted was that of the moon. As well as turning around the earth every day, it also shifted position in the sky for 29.33 days before returning to its original position. This was interpreted as a full rotation of the moon around the earth every month.

The third time period was based on a different movement of the sun. From all points on earth, the daily motion of the sun shifts north and south and back again completing this movement over around 365 days. Careful measuring showed this path, if begun at the centre line around the earth (the Equator), goes 23.5 degrees north (called the Tropic of Cancer) and back down again to a point 23.5 degrees south of the Equator (called the Tropic of Capricorn) when it begins the cycle again. Like a precision instrument, the sun thus continues to deliver spring, summer, autumn and winter to both hemispheres in turn. This period was called a year.

(http://i59.tinypic.com/1442w52.png)

Alas, this tropical year as it is called, does not divide evenly into twelve months, so adjustments in the number of days allocated to each of the twelve months had to be made. If the civil year (365 days) were to hold to the tropical year (365.242264 days), as the ancient Egyptians did, the dates would regress through all the various seasons of the year performing a complete revolution in 1508 years. Julius Caesar tried to solve this problem by the intercalation every fourth year of a leap year consisting of 366 days. But this too, because it made each year 365.25 days, now progressed the year by 11 minutes 12 seconds doing a complete cycle in 47,213 years.

As it happened, Caesar’s 27.85 seconds a day aberration meant that by the early 1600s the Spring Equinox was 10 days out. To resolve this, in Oct. 1582, Pope Gregory XIII, after great consultation, removed 10 days off the new ‘Gregorian Calendar,’ which, because it was out by a mere second, means our successors will have to make further adjustments in 4,000 years.

Then there is the astronomer Hipparchus who worked out that there is another ‘day,’ the period in which the stars do a complete daily revolution around the earth. [Hipparchus (died 125BC) was born in Nicaea in north-western Asia Minor. Little else is known about his personal life and fortune. Most of what we do know of his astronomy is due to the references made by the equally famous Ptolemy (died 187AD.) in his Almagest because, with one small exception, his works have been lost.]

This star measured day is called a sidereal day. But this presented another problem because an astronomical day - measured by the sun’s meridian passage - exceeds the sidereal day, measured by the meridian passage of any fixed star, by nearly four minutes every day. This in turn of course resulted in a star measured year, a sidereal year, and some 20 min 20 seconds shorter than the tropical year. This disparity is responsible for the phenomenon called the precession of the equinoxes, a retrograde motion of the equinoxes that will complete a full revolution in the plane of the ecliptic every 25,869 years. 
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: cassini on March 29, 2017, 05:20:45 AM
This is due to the law of perspective.
From where you stand on the flat plane of earth, from your perspective, all objects reach what is called "the vanishing point" where they converge and disappear from view (from your perspective) but not in reality.
It's like looking down the highway at the painted lines on the road - they converge and disappear from view, but you know if you drove a few miles down the road, the lines are still there, still in a straight line.
It's the same with the sun. It doesn't literally go "down" it only disappears from your point of view from your perspective, and if you had a super-fast vehicle that could drive you 1,000 miles down the road in a few moments, the sun would still be "up."
Do you see?
For this to happen the sun has to be lowered in the sky from 93 million miles to a few thousand miles above the earth. Again FEism has to deny the science of measuring distances from earth to the planets and the sun, that is mathematics, one of the few methods to achieve proofs.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: cassini on March 29, 2017, 06:19:40 AM

There is no doubt that some of the Fathers believed in a flat earth. But unless there is unanimous belief of the Fathers the belief does not qualify as CHURCH TEACHING as regards what the Bible says. It is therefore not right to insist a Catholic must or should accept a flat-earth Scripture.

“All educated persons of Columbus’ day, very much including the Roman Catholic prelates, knew the earth was round. The Venerable Bede (c. 673-735) taught that the world was round, as did Bishop Virgilius of Salzburg (c. 720-784), Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179), and Thomas Aquinas (c. 1224-74). All four ended up saints. Sphere was the title of the most popular medieval textbook on astronomy, written by the English scholastic John of Sacrobosco (c. 1200-1256). It informed that not only the earth but all heavenly bodies are spherical.’

The term circle in the scriptures does not eliminate a globe, a sphere. A flat earth has only one circle. A globe is circular as viewed from every angle.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: happenby on March 29, 2017, 02:26:37 PM
There is no doubt that some of the Fathers believed in a flat earth. But unless there is unanimous belief of the Fathers the belief does not qualify as CHURCH TEACHING as regards what the Bible says. It is therefore not right to insist a Catholic must or should accept a flat-earth Scripture.

“All educated persons of Columbus’ day, very much including the Roman Catholic prelates, knew the earth was round. The Venerable Bede (c. 673-735) taught that the world was round, as did Bishop Virgilius of Salzburg (c. 720-784), Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179), and Thomas Aquinas (c. 1224-74). All four ended up saints. Sphere was the title of the most popular medieval textbook on astronomy, written by the English scholastic John of Sacrobosco (c. 1200-1256). It informed that not only the earth but all heavenly bodies are spherical.’

The term circle in the scriptures does not eliminate a globe, a sphere. A flat earth has only one circle. A globe is circular as viewed from every angle.

Along with descriptions of scripture, the only saints (and the majority I might add) that actually taught anything about the earth, taught flat earth.  A few mentioned earth in passing, that they thought earth might be a globe.  But, they didn't teach anything.  So... if you see, somewhere along the way, a teaching of a saint on round earth with biblical references, please post it.  
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: mw2016 on March 30, 2017, 12:08:02 AM
The first and most obvious astronomical understanding was the relationship between the sun and the earth. 
You did not answer my question.
I asked: explain the mechanism of day and night under your Biblical non-moving earth form of geocentrism.
Cutting and pasting a wikipedia entry on heliocentrism is not an answer.
So, if day and night is caused by the earth rotating on its axis under heliocentrism, what is the mechanism causing day and night with a non-rotating earth?
Or, are you actually going to admit that you BELIEVE IN A ROTATING EARTH? Which is in direct contradiction to the Bible, which holds that the earth DOES NOT MOVE.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: cassini on March 30, 2017, 05:29:49 AM
You did not answer my question.
I asked: explain the mechanism of day and night under your Biblical non-moving earth form of geocentrism.
Cutting and pasting a wikipedia entry on heliocentrism is not an answer.
So, if day and night is caused by the earth rotating on its axis under heliocentrism, what is the mechanism causing day and night with a non-rotating earth?
Or, are you actually going to admit that you BELIEVE IN A ROTATING EARTH? Which is in direct contradiction to the Bible, which holds that the earth DOES NOT MOVE.


I did not answer your question, merely pasting a wikipedia entry instead? Are you serious mw2016? First of all I wrote the above posting and I drew the illustrations. 

It explains how the orbiting sun brings about day and night on earth. I added in how the sun brings seasons on earth. I further added how precession works and for good measure showed how the calendar had to be changed to bring it into line with Church celebrations of Easter etc. 

Now if you read that as a heliocentric explanation then we are all in trouble.

Then again maybe your 'mechanism' is asking how the sun orbits the earth. My belief is that the sun, moon and stars are fixed into the universe and given only a small local movement (for example the seasonal movement of the sun). I believe God causes the universe to rotate around the fixed earth at its center. This causes the sun, moon and stars to turn around the global earth every day. One can say the sun ORBITS around the earth but in fact it is TURNED around the earth in its place in a rotating universe. This last distinction is important as ORBITING is confined to moons and planets.

I think it was St Thomas who wondered if all the sun, moon and stars move in unison or if they were fixed into the aether of the universe. He preferred the first option I prefer the second. Both are possible to God, the first if he placed each body under the care of an angel to direct daily and local movement, or the angels take care of local movements as the are turned around the earth in a fixed universe.

Notice how a global earth works in the geocentric model. It does not need to deny science its measurements of distances, or deny that any curvature of earth was ever photographed from a position in space that could show that curve.

It also shows how the sun not only causes day and night on earth but also on all the planets and moons. I see a nightmare of explanations to show how a flat-earth system could explain these planetary and moon phases observed due to the sun having to be a couple of thousand miles above the earth in a flat-earth scenario.

Given that a scriptural flat-earth was never dogmatised by the Church, it is not a matter of faith. Only a geocentric universe was dogmatised in order to protect the Scriptures and common sense, the means by which man can recognise that a Creator exists.

To subject the Scriptures and the Catholic faith to the idea that the earth is a flat circular body is to place the Catholic faith under the auspices of so many denials that it can only HARM the faith. To actually insist the earth has edges of a high wall of ice that somehow cannot be identified from an airplane or satellite and insist the integrity of the Scriptures depends on that is just not right.

I have no doubt some do believe it is true, others that it is a possibility, but for God's sake do not say one's Catholic faith depends on it being true. Nor does it help your cause by attacking those who disagree or implying they are ignorant. One does not gain friends or converts that way.  
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: mw2016 on March 30, 2017, 01:50:58 PM


Then again maybe your 'mechanism' is asking how the sun orbits the earth. My belief is that the sun, moon and stars are fixed into the universe and given only a small local movement (for example the seasonal movement of the sun). I believe God causes the universe to rotate around the fixed earth at its center. This causes the sun, moon and stars to turn around the global earth every day. One can say the sun ORBITS around the earth but in fact it is TURNED around the earth in its place in a rotating universe. This last distinction is important as ORBITING is confined to moons and planets.

I think it was St Thomas who wondered if all the sun, moon and stars move in unison or if they were fixed into the aether of the universe. He preferred the first option I prefer the second. Both are possible to God, the first if he placed each body under the care of an angel to direct daily and local movement, or the angels take care of local movements as the are turned around the earth in a fixed universe.
Note to cassini: you do not need to type or paste a WALL OF TEXT to answer a simple question.
So, now we have, from your very verbose response, that you do not believe the earth is rotating, and that you believe the sun is, in fact, rotating about the earth, along with all the rest of the "universe" in the ether.
Therefore, you have proved my point:
You accept the heliocentric distance to the sun of 93 million miles.
Therefore, according to YOU, the sun is traversing a 584 million mile long circular path around the earth EVERY 24-hours.
THAT is more absurd than a flat earth plane with the Firmament above, enclosing the earth from the waters of the great deep, with the sun and moon and stars circling above, could ever be.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: cassini on March 30, 2017, 02:18:39 PM
Note to cassini: you do not need to type or paste a WALL OF TEXT to answer a simple question.
So, now we have, from your very verbose response, that you do not believe the earth is rotating, and that you believe the sun is, in fact, rotating about the earth, along with all the rest of the "universe" in the ether.
Therefore, you have proved my point:
You accept the heliocentric distance to the sun of 93 million miles.
Therefore, according to YOU, the sun is traversing a 584 million mile long circular path around the earth EVERY 24-hours.
THAT is more absurd than a flat earth plane with the Firmament above, enclosing the earth from the waters of the great deep, with the sun and moon and stars circling above, could ever be.

Unlike you mw2016, I not only answer posts but I write in such a way that the reading public can judge for themselves which opinion is the more reasonable. I am long aware that flat-earthers are not for turning no matter what is argued against what they believe is the greatest conspiracy ever conceived.

Next you will be telling us there are fewer stars than all the grains of sand on Earth. Such a number is absurd to flat-earthers. As a Catholic I do not accuse God of creating any absurdities when it comes to size, distances or speeds. 
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: Augustinus on March 30, 2017, 02:32:22 PM
Note to cassini: you do not need to type or paste a WALL OF TEXT to answer a simple question.
So, now we have, from your very verbose response, that you do not believe the earth is rotating, and that you believe the sun is, in fact, rotating about the earth, along with all the rest of the "universe" in the ether.
Therefore, you have proved my point:
You accept the heliocentric distance to the sun of 93 million miles.
Therefore, according to YOU, the sun is traversing a 584 million mile long circular path around the earth EVERY 24-hours.
THAT is more absurd than a flat earth plane with the Firmament above, enclosing the earth from the waters of the great deep, with the sun and moon and stars circling above, could ever be.
Again: draw a physical model of the south celestial pole and its relation to the North Pole AND explain our ability to circuмnavigate the world in relation to the south celestial pole.
You COULD posit our land mass is within a dome that exceeds its diameter, and that the star fields spin on a central axis that becomes altered by perspective, but then you destroy circuмnavigation. You could posit a disc earth with continents radiating from the center, but you displace the South Pole. The only physical workable model is the sphere.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: Truth is Eternal on March 30, 2017, 04:45:07 PM
Again: draw a physical model of the south celestial pole and its relation to the North Pole AND explain our ability to circuмnavigate the world in relation to the south celestial pole.
You COULD posit our land mass is within a dome that exceeds its diameter, and that the star fields spin on a central axis that becomes altered by perspective, but then you destroy circuмnavigation. You could posit a disc earth with continents radiating from the center, but you displace the South Pole. The only physical workable model is the sphere.
The horizon always rises to the eye level of the observer as altitude is gained, so you never have to look down to see it. If Earth were in fact a globe, no matter how large, as you ascended the horizon would stay fixed and the observer / camera would have to tilt looking down further and further to see it.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: mw2016 on March 31, 2017, 10:30:12 PM
Cassini - here is one your earth pics you posted from NASA. We'll be charitable and assume it is real...*cough*

I use this one because it illustrates one of the things that brought me to flat earth.

Can you see what it is?

If you look at the curvature in this photo of only the Great Lakes, you will quickly notice that if you extend that curve the full 360 degrees, it will not nearly be large enough to encompass the earth.



Game over. Earth is flat.

http://www.fropky.com/jaw-dropping-images-our-planet-nasa-vt59792-20.html
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: Augustinus on April 01, 2017, 12:11:25 AM
Cassini - here is one your earth pics you posted from NASA. We'll be charitable and assume it is real...*cough*

I use this one because it illustrates one of the things that brought me to flat earth.

Can you see what it is?

If you look at the curvature in this photo of only the Great Lakes, you will quickly notice that if you extend that curve the full 360 degrees, it will not nearly be large enough to encompass the earth.



Game over. Earth is flat.

http://www.fropky.com/jaw-dropping-images-our-planet-nasa-vt59792-20.html
Fisheye?
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: mw2016 on April 01, 2017, 01:07:54 AM
Fisheye?
Fisheyes make straight lines curved.
So, you're saying the horizon line in the photo is actually straight, in reality.
Which it actually is, of course - that's why it is called a horizon, because it IS horizontal.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: Augustinus on April 01, 2017, 03:02:36 AM
Fisheyes make straight lines curved.
So, you're saying the horizon line in the photo is actually straight, in reality.
Which it actually is, of course - that's why it is called a horizon, because it IS horizontal.
A fisheye effect working against a curve would have the effect of leveling the curve. Look at the panning sections, clarity visible distortion is taking place.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: klasG4e on April 04, 2017, 01:21:34 PM
mw2016

Quote
If you take the figure that Sungenis, Fr. P. and cassini accept for the distance to the sun, of 93 million miles, then one can calculate the distance the sun must travel going around the earth in a single 24 hour day.
If earth is center, and the radius of this circuit (R) is the distance of 93 million miles, we can calculate the circuмference (C).
The equation is C = 2 x pi x R
C = 2 x 3.14 x 93 million miles
C = 584 million miles
584 million miles per day/ 24 hours in a day = 24.3 million MPH (speed of the sun)
Does ANYONE here really believe the sun is moving at an eye-watering speed of 24.3 million MPH around the earth every day?
Actually, the speed you refer to here is child's play for one who truly understands astrophysics and hence how it is possible astrophysics wise for the entire universe to go around the Earth every 24 hours.

For all of you non-science types out there let's skip the science for a second and just perform a rather simple thought experiment.  I don't imagine that anyone familiar with a basketball would try to argue that it is impossible for it to make one complete rotation within, well let's say 24 hours.  Obviously we know it could do that in 24 seconds and even a good deal less than 24 seconds.  After all, seeing is believing right?  Well, let's imagine now that you were of the smallest theoretical -- according to science (OK, sorry I had to mention it) -- size, i.e., Planck Length.  If we assign a size of 10 to the power of 0 for a full grown human, the Planck Length would be 10 to the power of negative 35 and the size of the known universe would be 10 to the power of 27.  Earth would be 10 to the power of 7.

You can play around with these sizes and a whole lot more using the model shown here: http://htwins.net/scale2/ (http://htwins.net/scale2/)
In my thought experiment we have two little fellows reduced to the size of Planck Length or perhaps the size of a proton or neutron at the size of ten to the negative 15 or a neutrino at 10 to the negative 24, or smaller yet a quark at 10 to the negative 22 and they are placed inside a twirling basketball or shall we say at the very center of our Earth (which is ten to the power 7).  Since they are so small they can only observe the outer limits of the basketball or the Earth and thus they believe it to be the outer limits of the known universe.  Now, let's listen in on their discussion.  One is arguing vehemently that it is absolutely absurd to even imagine that the universe they observe could be rotating around them every 24 hours while the other one calmly retorts that it is perfectly possible.

God looks down upon our tiny beings and certainly hears our back and forth discussions on geocentrism vs. heliocentrism.  Since God is eternally omnipotent He could certainly create a universe that goes around the Earth once every 24 hours.  If he wanted to He could have the universe going around the Earth a million or a billion times every 24 hours for that matter.  No problem!

Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: happenby on April 04, 2017, 02:18:01 PM
A fisheye effect working against a curve would have the effect of leveling the curve. Look at the panning sections, clarity visible distortion is taking place.
Oh. My. Goodness.  This is the effect of imprecision fostered in those who live on a globe.  They have no foundation and what is level is curved for them and their up is often also down.  They say all manner of things contradictory like this.  Fisheye lenses necessarily do not correct, but distort for the purposes of gaining more view.  Fisheye lenses do not level the curve, but permit a level to be seen only when viewing directly straight on.  Rather, fisheyes have been used for many years in order to curve the level.  Earth is not a globe.  
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: happenby on April 04, 2017, 02:26:25 PM
mw2016
Actually, the speed you refer to here is child's play for one who truly understands astrophysics and hence how it is possible astrophysics wise for the entire universe to go around the Earth every 24 hours.

For all of you non-science types out there let's skip the science for a second and just perform a rather simple thought experiment.  I don't imagine that anyone familiar with a basketball would try to argue that it is impossible for it to make one complete rotation within, well let's say 24 hours.  Obviously we know it could do that in 24 seconds and even a good deal less than 24 seconds.  After all, seeing is believing right?  Well, let's imagine now that you were of the smallest theoretical -- according to science (OK, sorry I had to mention it) -- size, i.e., Planck Length.  If we assign a size of 10 to the power of 0 for a full grown human, the Planck Length would be 10 to the power of negative 35 and the size of the known universe would be 10 to the power of 27.  Earth would be 10 to the power of 7.

You can play around with these sizes and a whole lot more using the model shown here: http://htwins.net/scale2/ (http://htwins.net/scale2/)
In my thought experiment we have two little fellows reduced to the size of Planck Length or perhaps the size of a proton or neutron at the size of ten to the negative 15 or a neutrino at 10 to the negative 24, or smaller yet a quark at 10 to the negative 22 and they are placed inside a twirling basketball or shall we say at the very center of our Earth (which is ten to the power 7).  Since they are so small they can only observe the outer limits of the basketball or the Earth and thus they believe it to be the outer limits of the known universe.  Now, let's listen in on their discussion.  One is arguing vehemently that it is absolutely absurd to even imagine that the universe they observe could be rotating around them every 24 hours while the other one calmly retorts that it is perfectly possible.

God looks down upon our tiny beings and certainly hears our back and forth discussions on geocentrism vs. heliocentrism.  Since God is eternally omnipotent He could certainly create a universe that goes around the Earth once every 24 hours.  If he wanted to He could have the universe going around the Earth a million or a billion times every 24 hours for that matter.  No problem!

Another ridiculous notion: God can do anything... so He does the ridiculous.  The extremes global earth defenders go to maintain the pagan theory of heliocentrism is an embarrassment--to them.  Scripture, the saints and the Church, not to mention the reverse testimony of the pagans, teach that earth is not a globe.    

Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: mw2016 on April 05, 2017, 05:51:38 PM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KodWGqWsUcE
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: Nadir on April 05, 2017, 06:08:21 PM

That newspaper article if from 1922! So is there an update yet?
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: BumphreyHogart on April 05, 2017, 06:15:29 PM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KodWGqWsUcE

https://www.cathinfo.com/general-discussion/speed-of-the-universe/msg546944/#msg546944
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: happenby on April 05, 2017, 08:12:52 PM
That newspaper article if from 1922! So is there an update yet?

Getting modern science to update truth regarding God's earth is like getting the Freemasons to expound on the veracity of the Catholic Church.  You can hope, but it'll be in vain.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: Nadir on April 05, 2017, 08:47:54 PM
Getting modern science to update truth regarding God's earth is like getting the Freemasons to expound on the veracity of the Catholic Church.  You can hope, but it'll be in vain.
I'm not expecting "modern science" to give an update. Somebody must know what happened with the experiment! It's been 90 years! Somebody must be keeping records. Wouldn't the flat-earthers grab and hold such a lifeline?
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: mw2016 on April 05, 2017, 09:15:10 PM
I'm not expecting "modern science" to give an update. Somebody must know what happened with the experiment! It's been 90 years! Somebody must be keeping records. Wouldn't the flat-earthers grab and hold such a lifeline?
Wilbur Voliva never took the trip.
I would LOVE for someone to do it.
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: Nadir on April 05, 2017, 10:58:02 PM

So why post the video without that information? 

I was getting quite excited at the prospect..... until I decided to check out the date of his departure! 

I believe there are many people who have visited the Antarctic. Did anyone of them come up with any evidence?
Title: Re: Why Sungenis's Geocentrism model is wrong
Post by: mw2016 on April 06, 2017, 01:26:07 PM
So why post the video without that information?

I was getting quite excited at the prospect..... until I decided to check out the date of his departure!

I believe there are many people who have visited the Antarctic. Did anyone of them come up with any evidence?
No one has traversed the coast line.
You only have bases placed onshore in certain places.