I have another problem with the official explanation of Lunar Eclipses. According to NASA,
"A total lunar eclipse happens when the whole moon enters Earth's shadow.
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It's not the whole moon being covered that makes it a total lunar eclipse. Any
part of the moon that has the earth's umbra (inner shadow) falling on it is in total lunar eclipse. But since the earth's umbra is so large -- it's bigger than the moon, see below -- it is often positioned such that the entire moon is in the darkest shadow. That never happens on the earth, where the moon's shadow is never big enough to cover all the earth.
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Even so, when you are in a total solar eclipse (as I have been, and have millions of Americans this past August) in the center of the axis of totality, it is entirely dark, just like night time, in all directions, as far as the eye can see, which further supports the spheroid earth model because if the earth were "flat" then we would be able to see sunlight in the clouds at a great distance from totality.
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However, from a very high vantage point, such as viewed from an aircraft in flight, the sunlight in the distant horizon can be seen because the plane is high enough to push the limits of the earth's curvature.
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Some sunlight still reaches the moon, but first it goes through Earth's atmosphere. The atmosphere filters out most of the sun’s blue light, so the moon looks red.
In this time-lapsed image, the moon changes color as it moves through Earth’s shadow."
https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/total-lunar-eclipse
My problem is how does the sunlight passing through the Earth's atmosphere cover the entire Moon. Since ALL of the light dimly illuminating the Moon a shade of red, must pass through the Earth's atmosphere to make the Moon red, how is it enough sunlight to cover the entire Moon, if it is just passing through the atmosphere? It seems like it shouldn't be big enough. Particularly since, if the Earth's atmosphere is supposed to be so gargantuan, then it should be affecting the Moon's color all the time, but we don't see that. So, what's up with that?
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Nobody said the sun's light that hits the moon is "just passing through the atmosphere." During a full moon, there is NO light on the moon passing through the earth's atmosphere. But during a lunar eclipse, there is a TRANSITION period where some is, and some isn't. Just before the moon turns all copper colored, the sun's light is not first going through the earth's atmosphere, then when the moon turns reddish brown, that's when all the light shining on it is that color because of the earth's atmosphere. Wait a while and the red disappears. It's not an all-or-nothing situation. It changes minute by minute.
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You sound like you've never seen a lunar eclipse the way you keep shifting to extremes.
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Your problem is you paid no attention to the diagram I already posted just before you asked the question that it already answered:
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It's the lower of the two images that applies for lunar eclipses.
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Notice the penumbra of the earth (outer shadow) is thin (lower image) -- whereas the penumbra of the moon is much larger (upper image) in proportion to the moon's umbra (inner shadow).
That is due to the proportional distances of the earth's diameter and distance from the sun, and the moon's diameter and distance from the sun, together with the sun's diameter. The moon is proportionally much smaller compared to it's solar distance than the earth is, therefore the moon's penumbra is thicker than the earth's.
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For example, the apparent diameter of the moon as viewed from earth is very close to the apparent diameter of the sun. But as viewed from the moon, the apparent diameter of the earth would be about 3 times the apparent diameter of the sun, so obviously the earth's shadow over the moon covers a much larger area than the moon's shadow does over the earth.
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See how big the earth's shadow is when the moon goes through it?
Since the sunlight passing through the earth's atmosphere gets scattered, the shadow that reaches the moon is not sharp-edged.
And only in SOME conditions does the moon take on a red glow, which is called "blood moon" (even though it's more like a copper color, not blood, but "blood" is more exciting apparently, so it's more popular -- sometimes popular demand rules the language).