Some (Sungenis in
?) think that a single crucial experiment (
experimentum crucis) can falsify a physical theory; however, all a single experiment can do is show that at least one of the physical theory's assumptions is wrong, but it cannot say which.
The French Catholic physicist, philosopher, and historian of medieval physics
Pierre Duhem formulates this
non-falsifiability thesis as follows (
Aim & Structure of Physical Theory p. 185), when describing an experiment that contradicts theory:
the only thing the experiment teaches us is that, among all the propositions used to predict the phenomenon and to verify that it has not been produced, there is at least one error; but where the error lies is just what the experiment does not tell us
(The development of the doctrine of the Trinity is mentioned @11:54.)