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You keep bringing up this
ridiculous Cosmas character as if he's your poster boy for flat-earthism.
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The best summary description of Cosmas's view by far is contained in ten pages of the first volume of Professor Beazeley's three volume "The Dawn of Modern Geography" the first volume of which was published in 1897. (I doubt this is on the web.) I believe Cosmas's view is superior in general, but Rowbotham probably has him on the size of the sun as Cosmas merely argues that it is probably at least as small as a fifth the size of the earth, whereas Rowbotham calculated that the sun and moon are each exactly thrity-two miles in diameter.
To briefly summarize Cosmas's cosmography, the four riverheads of the Garden of Eden are actual rivers that flow westward from the Far East where Eden literally exists and go underground for a bit and diverge into the various underground water streams of this world, and the main streams of which surface in the mountains becoming actual rivers in this world which flow into the sea (the Ganges, the Nile, the Tigris, and the Euphrates). He also believes there exists a great Mountain in the north around which the sun circles once a day. The shadow cast by this mountain creates night in the part of the world on the other side of the mountain. Among other things, the Heavenly Host of Angels keep the fixed stars rotating.
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He's your man! Whose existence and work was forgotten for 1,000 years, and for good reason!
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-- He thought the sun is 1/5 the size of the Earth -- so was the sun "flat" too?
-- He said the Ganges, Tigris, Euphrates and the Nile flow from the east to the west. Really?
-- How do "fixed stars" rotate in the heavens? Well, of course, the Heavenly Host of Angels keep them rotating.
So that way, they can be "fixed" and still rotate, because that's the work of the Angels, to contradict reality.
-- And the clincher, a so-called great Mountain in the north whose shadow cast over the earth explains the "flat" earth night!
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In other words, what Cosmas believed had nothing to do with science, or objective reality.
It was all about his subjective fantasy world, his Shangri-La dreamworld where reality is in the mind!
He could have been the inspiration for Kant, Comte, Hegel, Marx, Hume and Nietszche!
Who were enemies of the Church!!