Pagan science has no explanation
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Your picture quotes two diagrams each of which were made to illustrate a different lesson.
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The top image neglects to show how every part of the sun's aspect emanates light in all directions.
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That is done to simplify the lesson that the sun's rays are parallel -- inasmuch as the sun is shining from one direction.
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We don't have sunlight shining from 90 degrees to the right or left or up or down, for example.
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The bottom picture shows how the various parts of the sun shine toward the moon at different angles.
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They are angles so very close to zero that to keep the message above simple they are not considered.
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But during an eclipse, even very small angles come into play, so much so that most of the small angles are not even being mentioned!!
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