This is one of the things that pushed me towards Flat Earth. The whole globe earth-spinning 1000 MPH-gravity model just doesn't work in reality.
Your example of the butterfly is a slam-dunk, in my opinion. The bit about air molecules at 100 feet, 1000 feet, and 10,000 feet and 100,000 feet all being connected to the earth below as with an iron rod -- that's exactly what they teach, and it's insane in my opinion. It is heavy brainwashing (like "wear a mask to stay safe") but it has no bearing on reality, once you look into it. It has ZERO science and all religion.
Well, I don't need their religion. I have the Catholic Faith, thankyouverymuch.
Right, this technically speaks toward whether the earth is in motion or not, more than Flat Earth per se, but it's part and parcel of the "Modern Science" view of the cosmos.
Between simple common sense, such as the butterfly example, and then scientific experiments such as Michelson-Morley and Airy, it's pretty clear that the earth is not moving. Oh, and to add to this, the centrifugal force of a moving earth should be greater at the equator than at the "poles", and so things should weigh slightly less at the equator than at the poles. But experiments have actually shown no difference. Airplanes actually travel slightly quicker moving West to East, than from East to West. But that should be the opposite, as planes SHOULD be forced to overcome that massive gravity that drags everything around it as if it were attached to the earth by an iron rod. As planes move from East to West, it should be like salmon swimming upstream, and planes should use a ton more fuel going in that direction than from West to East.
Another interesting tidbit is the RedBull jump. So the guy took 2.5 hours to get up to his 120,000 foot altitude. In 2.5 hours, the earth, given his latitude, should have rotated 2,000 miles. And were he not attached by "gravity" to the globe, he should have ended up 2,000 miles West, in the Pacific Ocean. But he landed 40 miles to the East. So theoretically this powerful force of gravity dragged him 2,000 miles along with it. That kind of a force should require significant effort to overcome when travelling West, but no such additional force, engine power, fuel, etc. is required when moving West.
That's just simple physics. If there's a force dragging things along at 1,000 MPH to the East, then there needs to be an Equal and Opposite force required to overcome that. No such force is known to be required. That would be IN ADDITION to the force required to propel the plane 500MPH or so toward the West as it travels in that direction. So to travel East, the plane would be required to create enough thrust to ADD 500MPH to the rotation. But going West, it would have to add enough thrust to achieve that 500MPH delta and then also overcome gravity that allegedly drags it 1000MPH in the other direction.
In effect, the plane would have to muster thrust that would be the equivalent of travelling 1500MPH to the West, and planes don't have that kind of power, nor is there any indication that they need to apply more thrust or use more fuel when travelling West.
Oh, and if you're going West, you'd be fighting against winds that are travelling in excess of 1,000 MPH toward the East. So you'd be flying into 1,000 MPH winds, over 3 times faster than the highest windspeeds ever recorded in a tornado.
None of this adds up. There's no way the earth is rotating.