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Author Topic: Translating Dom Adrien Grea - Question  (Read 1504 times)

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Offline SeanJohnson

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Translating Dom Adrien Grea - Question
« on: June 28, 2022, 05:38:08 PM »
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  • Not sure how many are familiar with Dom Adrien Grea's book, The Church and Its Divine Constitution (1885), but I think I might make an attempt at a first English-language translation.

    The book contains notable chapters on the powers of bishops, and among other things, denotes the powers of bishops in a state of necessity.

    Problem:

    I can only find a copy of the 1965 Casterman edition, which includes a Preface by Louis Bouyer, which is clearly a hijacking attempt to frame Grea's work within the parameters of Vatican II (much the same way they did to some of Cardinal Newman's works).

    Is it intellectually dishonest to translate the Casterman edition, but eliminate entirely Bouyer's brief Preface?

    FWIW, here is my translation (1st draft) of Bouyer's Preface, and you will perceive immediately why I want to omit it:



    DOM ADRIEN GRÉA
    Founder of the Canons Regular of the Immaculate Conception

    THE CHURCH
    AND
    ITS DIVINE CONSTITUTION

    PREFACE BY
    LOUIS BOUYER,
    From the oratory
    1965
    CASTERMAN

    Translation and reproduction rights reserved for all countries.

    Anastatic reproduction authorized
    Casterman, November 9, 1978
    Imprimerie Thérien Frères (1960) Limitée
    Montreal 1979

    Imprimi potest

    Louis DE PERETTI
    sup. general of the C.R.I.C.

    Rome, September 8, 1964, on the Feast of Saint Adrian.

    Nihil obstat
    Faux,
    can. libr. cens.
    Imprimatur
    Tornaci, die 4 novembris 1964
    J. Thomas, vic. gén.

    PREFACE
    Dom GRÉA's book on The Church and its Divine Constitution is one of those books which escape their time and which are likely to be understood much better a few generations later. Their handicap is always that they carry visible traces of the time when they were written. This is why the reader of Dom GRÉA, today, must pass over the eloquence sometimes a little too easily in cantatory in which were wrapped references not always precise enough. But these weaknesses, which have been compensated for by the notes of the present edition, should not hide the profound merits of the synthesis proposed by this exceptional book.

    One can say that it reappears at the right time, after years of meditation on the doctrine of the mystical body, already consecrated by the encyclical Mystici Corporis, and that the Council's De Ecclesia scheme brings to maturity. All this sense of the organic and almost personal character of the Church, which has developed over the last two or three generations, finds its place in a theory of the Church of magnificent fullness, the most perfect fulfillment. But at the same time, perhaps the most striking feature of Dom Gréa is that he does not in any way develop these aspects in opposition to the institutional and, more precisely, the hierarchical aspects. On the contrary, it is the idea of hierarchy, of sacred order that dominates his synthesis. Its merit is to give such a profound and living notion of it that it immediately appears that hierarchy, well understood, far from compressing anything of the living elements of the Church, is what gives them, with their external coherence, a sense of belonging. which gives them, along with their external coherence, their intimate and supernatural continuity. How the hierarchy is what allows the Church, Body of Christ, to be a permanent epiphany of Christ, can only be better understood by following Dom GRÉA.

    A second striking feature of its construction is the somewhat liturgical notion that it tends to give of the Church. That it is above all a society of worship, founded on the truth of Christ, which it spreads throughout the universe in such a way as to lead the latter to associate itself with the great act of religion of the Mediator. This is what Dom GRÉA will help us to grasp again. Too many fallacious extensions of the notion of Church and especially of the mystical body, have led us to a certain vagueness on this point that the ample and luminous presentations of this book should help to dissipate. 

    It should also be noted that they will achieve this by a way that is itself singularly interesting for us. I want to say that another eminently notable character of Dom GRÉA's thought is the vision that he makes for himself and sets up before us of the episcopate. He does not see in it, above all, a simple administrative junction, a regulating authority. For him, the body of bishops is, at the bottom of all its activities, doctoral and pontifical. Its pastoral function is not defined outside of this double function of transmitting the truth of the Gospel and of realizing the perpetual presence of the mystery that is at its heart. It is to the effective communication of this truth, the sharing of this living reality of the living reality of the total Christ that all his authority is ordered.
    Here, as we can see, lies the secret of Dom GRÉA's ability to enliven the notion of hierarchy and to give back to the Church the fullness of its sacred character.

    Another merit of his work, which is not the least, is the place it gives to the local Church. It is remarkable that this convinced ultramontane should have a completely Ignatian notion of the episcopate. It is that, when he thinks of the Church, he never thinks of a vast, obscure administration that would hover over us, rather like those indefinite and vaguely fearsome social entities that hover over Kafka's characters. He always thinks of the assembly of living people, gathered in the common hearing of the word of God, the common realization of the divine praise, through the Eucharistic celebration. Outside this necessarily local incarnation of the Church, its spiritual reality evaporates.

    However, the catholicity of the Church does not escape it at all, quite the contrary. For him, the local Church gathered around its pontiff to celebrate the Father is only the prefiguration of the great "panegyric" of which the epistle to the Hebrews speaks: the great festive assembly that will gather in one unanimous chorus the redeemed multitudes, around the throne of God and the Lamb. And the communion of all the present Churches among themselves and with the Apostolic Church, which is their natural source and the basis of their union, is what links these Churches today to the Una Sancta of eternity. But this communion itself, with all that it implies of extensions towards the apostolic past and towards the eschatological future, is the role of the Roman See to perpetually actualize it. Here, Dom GRÉA, to show the meaning and effectiveness of the transcendence of the Church, which, without the Vicar of Christ and his role would drown in dismembered local organizations.

    A final positive trait that must be noted in the work of Dom GRÉA is the art and depth with which he knew how to use the juridical sources to construct his theory of the Church. He develops so well an organic notion of the Church without ever hurting his institutional aspects that he always discerns their deep meaning. Let us read again his very beautiful analyses of the notion of communion of bishops or of the episcopal title and one will be convinced at once. It is necessary to insist on the importance and the actuality of this element in his work. The weakness or lack of canonical studies, especially those which relate to the ecclesiastical institutions, in France, at the present time, is one of the most serious deficiencies of Catholic thought. It does not simply follow, as one might think, that the often incoherent administration, but a whole ecclesiastical thought too deprived of truly traditional bases and too easily misunderstanding the true nature of the Church, for lack of having understood the meaning of its organs.

    For all these reasons, for its splendidly scriptural, patristic, liturgical atmosphere, and yet everywhere enlightened by Thomistic thought, I think that Dom GRÉA's book is far from having reached its full potential. May this edition bring him not only many readers, but also many disciples. The holding of the Ecuмenical Council
    Vatican II, with the elaboration of the decrees in view on the Church and ecuмenism, makes the thought of this precursor more relevant than ever.

    LOUIS BOUYER of the Oratory


    Rom 5: 20 - "But where sin increased, grace abounded all the more."


    Offline SeanJohnson

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    Re: Translating Dom Adrien Grea - Question
    « Reply #1 on: June 28, 2022, 06:34:54 PM »
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  • As an aside, someone emailed me that Chapter 21 had been translated into English on Scribd, but I don't have a membership.  They give a 1-page free teaser (slightly improved by me), which will give you an idea of the subject matter discussed in the book:


    Do Adrien Gréa


    The Church and its Divine Constitution

    Chapter XXI
    The extraordinary act of the episcopate


    Of what it consists

    The power of the episcopate in the government of the universal Church exercises itself in an ordinary way through the councils and through the less splendorous assistance which the dispersed bishops, always united in the dependence and under the impulse of their head, give without ceasing for the maintenance of the faith and of discipline.

    But this power of the episcopate has also had in history extraordinary manifestations of which it is important to be brought back to the same subordination and to be submitted to the same essential laws of the hierarchy.

    We want to speak here primarily of the authority deployed by the apostles, their disciples, and the bishops of the first times, their successors, to announce everywhere the Gospel and establish the Church, and secondarily of the extraordinary actions by which, subsequently, one saw bishops not hesitate to remedy the pressing necessities of the Christian people and to lift up again, by the use of a power quasi apostolic, Churches brought into extreme peril by the infidels and the heretics.

    These facts have been abused to pull out of proportion the authority of the bishops and to give them a sort of primitive and independent sovereignty.

    It is thus necessary to overthrow this fundament of error. We will do so in simply recalling the doctrine exposed in our second part, principally in chapter 8, where we have treated of the relations of essential dependence that unite the particular Churches to the universal Church, and in bringing back these facts to the laws already known of the hierarchy, laws which, everywhere and always, establish the complete subordination of the bishops to their head.

    And first, it is good to recall that the universal Church, preceding in everything the particular Churches, possesses before these and guards always sovereignly the mission of preaching the Gospel everywhere and of saving souls.

    It follows from there that the hierarchy of the universal Church, who is not deprived of her immediate authority over souls even by the establishment of particular Churches, remains alone charged with the salvation of men when these are defunct, and deploys her powers to assure them this benefit.

    This hierarchy is that of the Pope and the bishops. It is to the Pope that belongs the sovereign and principal action. But the bishops themselves, since they are associated with him as ministers of the universal Church, are called to take part in it. They appear thus vested with a power which is not carried out on their particular flocks and which exercises itself in places where there are not yet founded particular Churches and titular bishops established, and in those where the local hierarchies, having been established, are harmed in their existence or struck with impotence. 

    [This final bolded sentence gets to the heart of the matter surrounding the legitimacy/illegitimacy of Archbishop Lefebvre's episcopal consecrations, and translating Grea's doctrine surrounding this point is my primary interest in the undertaking -SJ]
    Rom 5: 20 - "But where sin increased, grace abounded all the more."


    Offline Incredulous

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    Re: Translating Dom Adrien Grea - Question
    « Reply #2 on: June 29, 2022, 09:36:15 PM »
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  • The power of Bishops in times of necessity.

    Extreme example:

    If Rome  was flattened by a nuclear device, and the resident Holy See was wiped out, could the Bishops convene to hold papal elections?

    I think the answer is “Yes”.
    "Some preachers will keep silence about the truth, and others will trample it underfoot and deny it. Sanctity of life will be held in derision even by those who outwardly profess it, for in those days Our Lord Jesus Christ will send them not a true Pastor but a destroyer."  St. Francis of Assisi

    Online Plenus Venter

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    Re: Translating Dom Adrien Grea - Question
    « Reply #3 on: July 01, 2022, 08:38:10 AM »
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  • Bookdepository.com is always worth a look for classic facsimile reprints:
    Results for Dom adrien grea l'eglise et sa constitution divine | Book Depository

    Offline ServusInutilisDomini

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    Re: Translating Dom Adrien Grea - Question
    « Reply #4 on: July 01, 2022, 08:50:47 AM »
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  • This hierarchy is that of the Pope and the bishops. It is to the Pope that belongs the sovereign and principal action. But the bishops themselves, since they are associated with him as ministers of the universal Church, are called to take part in it. They appear thus vested with a power which is not carried out on their particular flocks and which exercises itself in places where there are not yet founded particular Churches and titular bishops established, and in those where the local hierarchies, having been established, are harmed in their existence or struck with impotence.

    [This final bolded sentence gets to the heart of the matter surrounding the legitimacy/illegitimacy of Archbishop Lefebvre's episcopal consecrations, and translating Grea's doctrine surrounding this point is my primary interest in the undertaking -SJ]
    Interesting. If you have already read the whole book, would you mind telling me the key takeaways?

    I don't know much about the specifics of supplied jurisdiction and such, only that it is necessary to act in accord with the reasonably presumed will of the legitimate authority  when the authority is absent (epikeia).  And obviously if the authority is present it is necessary to submit to it as long as a higher authority does not forbid it.


    Offline SeanJohnson

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    Re: Translating Dom Adrien Grea - Question
    « Reply #5 on: July 01, 2022, 11:40:49 AM »
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  • I don't know much about the specifics of supplied jurisdiction and such, only that it is necessary to act in accord with the reasonably presumed will of the legitimate authority  when the authority is absent (epikeia).  And obviously if the authority is present it is necessary to submit to it as long as a higher authority does not forbid it.

    Hello SID-

    What you say regarding epikeia is true in what Dom Grea calls the narrow or improper sense, but not in the broad/proper sense (his words).

    I have an article in mind which I’m trying to dig up, and will post it shortly.

    Meanwhile, some thoughts regarding the REASONABLE will of the pope, which I once wrote elsewhere:

    Pacelli [a username, not Pius XII -SJ] seems to place much emphasis on the will of the Pope.

    I'm not sure that consideration is relevant.

    When the salvation of souls is at stake, the consent of the Pope is owed; it is not within the Pope's power to withhold it.

    Some relevant quotes from an article on the 1988 episcopal consecrations: http://www.sspxasia.com/Docuмents/SiSiNoNo/1999_September/The_1988_Consecrations.htm

    "This is not, in fact, the case of authority not being bound to oblige because "summum ius summa iniuria," or one which issues an inopportune command lacking in prudence, but which nevertheless people could be bound to obey all the same in view of the common good. This is, on the other hand, the case of authority that cannot oblige, because its command is opposed to a precept of divine and natural law "more grave and obliging."8 In such a case to obey the law or the legislator would be "evil and a sin" (Suarez, De Legibus, L. VI, c. VII, n.8) title=Cool. St. Thomas calls obedience in such a case "evil" (SI; 11-11, Q120, A.1). Cajetan refers to it as a "vice" (Cajetan in 1.2, q.96, a.6). Hence, refusal to obey becomes a duty (i.e" inoboedientia debita).9"

    ...


    "Therefore, the command or prohibition of a superior which, by reason of extraordinary circuмstances, results in harm to souls and the common good, as well as being contrary to the state of the subject (cf. Suarez, De religione, LX, cap.IX, n.4), loses its character of lawfulness and absolves the subject from his duty to obey, "...nor are those who behave in such a way, to be accused of having failed in obedience, because if the will of leaders is repugnant to the will and the laws of God, these leaders exceed the measure of their power.14"

    ...

    "In his Dictionary of Canon Law, Naz writes that of St. Thomas Aquinas:

    …the coming into play of epikeia is subordinate to the existence of a right. In fact, in certain cases, the law loses its power to bind – as where its application would be contrary to the common good or to natural law – and in such a case it is not in the power of the legislator to bind or to oblige.19"

    ...

    "Regarding seeking permissions from the superior, Suarez explains (speaking precisely of the pope) that here, “it is not a question of interpreting the will of the superior, but [a question] of his power” in order to know what is not necessary to ask the superior, because it is permitted to make use of “doctrinal rules” or “principles of theology and law,”22 given that “one knows with more certitude the power [of the superior] which is not free, rather than his will, which is free [emphasis added].”23 For that reason the subject, having prudently examined the circuмstances and been informed by the “doctrinal rules” or by the “principles of theology and law” that is “beyond the power of legislator”24 to bind anyone to respect the law when it causes grave harm to so many souls, and that to obey in such a case would be “evil and a sin,”25 he may not - indeed, he must not - submit to the law or to the command“on his own authority,”26 “by his own judgment.”27 Hence, by his own initiative, he refuses submission “without recourse to the superior,”28 that is to say, without any dispensation or approval on the part of the said superior. The reason, writes Suarez, is: that in such a case the authority of the superior cannot have any effect; indeed, even if he were to will that the subject, after having had recourse to him, should observe the law, the latter would not be able to obey him because he must obey God rather than man and hence in such a case its is out of place (“impertinens”) to ask for permission.29"

    Conclusion:

    1) The consent of the Pope is owed;
    2) The Pope has no power to withhold consent;
    3) Even if he did, it would not be possible to obey him;
    4) And in such a situation, it is out of place even to seek to ascertain the Pope's will, since the course of action is necessary regardless.

    Consequently, seeking to ascertain the will of the Pope is irrelevant (or stated differently, his consent is given regardless of any stated opposition, since such opposition would exceed the measure of his power).
    Rom 5: 20 - "But where sin increased, grace abounded all the more."

    Offline ServusInutilisDomini

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    Re: Translating Dom Adrien Grea - Question
    « Reply #6 on: July 01, 2022, 12:19:59 PM »
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  • I wrote a long reply and then lost it :facepalm:

    I'll take that as a sign to leave it :D

    Thanks for the quotes.