... Geocentrism has come up in the discussion, but it's not what the thread nor my remarks are centered on.
As for peer pressure, it is definitely a factor in the conformity equation which scientists are subject to whether they want to admit it or not. You say, "There are plenty of disputes in all fields of science." Hmmm? Would that quality as a vague generality?
Yes, that's vague; that's me trying to figure out what exactly you think "peer pressure" does in science?
Do you think it inhibits new ideas? To some extent, but that means those proposing a new idea may need to do more testing or provide more data to convince people, and it may take some time for acceptance, even decades.
Recently (Feb 2018) Sarah Stewart and a grad student proposed a new model for the origin of the moon. It explains the key data about composition as well as the old model and also says something about angular momentum. It's new, so those skeptical are testing it. The current "best theory" is 40 years old but that didn't seem to stop them.
I also have experience with another paradigm shift. Someone had an idea for a new analysis technique, and presented it. Some thought "that should work" and about half a dozen people were in a position to apply the new technique quickly. As papers came out, the majority in the field were skeptical. There was a significant setback when one person using the new technique presented an analysis that was quite different than results using standard techniques. (Turned out he had done something wrong separate from the new technique.) Especially after that setback, those using the new technique did comparison analyses with other techniques and came prepared for questions at presentations, and eventually won people over. It took about 10 years to get general acceptance of the new technique coupled with a good understanding of when it shouldn't be used. There are still a couple people in the field who refuse to use this new technique in any circuмstances, and one still says something negative about it in practically every paper he writes.
So what effect does "peer pressure" have?