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Author Topic: MERS in South Korea and China: a potential outbreak threat?  (Read 915 times)

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Offline Croix de Fer

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    First reported in September, 2012, human infections with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) can result in severe respiratory disease, characterised by life-threatening pneumonia and renal failure.1 Countries with primary infections of MERS-CoV are located in the Middle East, but cases have been occasionally exported in other countries (figure). Human-to-human infections of MERS-CoV are rare2 and confirmed cases are usually traced back to contact with camels, an intermediate host species for MERS-CoV.3

    As of May 24, 2015, worldwide, a total of 1134 cases and 427 deaths (case fatality rate 37·7%) have been reported, according to WHO.4 There is no approved vaccine or treatment.

    On May 11, 2015, a 68-year-old male in South Korea developed symptoms and sought medical care at a clinic between May 12–15, before admittance into hospital on May 15.4 The patient had been travelling between April 18–May 3 through Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar. He was asymptomatic upon return to South Korea on May 4, but tested positive for MERS-CoV on May 20, along with two additional cases: his 64-year-old wife, and a 76-year-old male who was a fellow patient.4 Concerns of further MERS-CoV spread were confirmed when a 71-year-old male fellow patient, the daughter of the 76-year-old case, and two medical staff developed symptoms and were diagnosed with MERS-CoV infection (appendix). As of May 29, 2015, South Korea has 12 laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS-CoV, and more than 120 additional contacts under surveillance.5

    On May 28, a 44-year-old male traveller from South Korea to Huizhou, China was admitted into hospital. MERS-CoV infection was confirmed on May 29, marking the first laboratory-confirmed case in China (appendix), and the patient was immediately put in isolation. This patient was the son of the 76-year-old South Korean patient. He had visited his father in the hospital on May 16, developed symptoms on May 21,6 and travelled to Hong Kong by plane on May 26 before arriving by road into mainland China via Shenzhen.6 In response, the Chinese health authorities promptly placed 38 high-risk contacts under surveillance, but it is not known whether additional contacts exist and further MERS-CoV infections in China remains a possibility.

    This series of events highlighted issues with the current surveillance system put in place to prevent the importation of infectious diseases. The diagnosis for MERS-CoV infection was made on May 20 for the 76-year-old patient. His 44-year-old son should have been monitored as a close contact of the laboratory-confirmed case, with provisional quarantine and testing upon development of symptoms and isolation upon a positive diagnosis. Such a high-risk case should not be travelling until after the incubation period, which is between 2–15 days for MERS-CoV.2 Non-compliance by the patient regarding travel advice likely contributed to this scenario.5

    These events serve as a timely reminder that natural geographical barriers against pathogens can now be easily overcome through trade and travel, and marks the first MERS-CoV import case that did not come directly from the Middle East. These developments are worrisome given that Hong Kong airport is a major international transport hub, and thus any potential infections can travel worldwide in a short time.

    After dealing with several pandemic threats over the past 15 years, notably severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003, H1N1 influenza in 2009, and Ebola virus in 2014–15, authorities now have ample experience in outbreak response compared with past years. In addition to the need for increased vigilance from health authorities, compliance by the public is crucial for the effective implementation of outbreak responses. Everyone is responsible for upholding the principles of public health, and must play their part to minimise the chances of disease transmission across borders.
    Blessed be the Lord my God, who teacheth my hands to fight, and my fingers to war. ~ Psalms 143:1 (Douay-Rheims)


    Offline Croix de Fer

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    MERS in South Korea and China: a potential outbreak threat?
    « Reply #1 on: June 12, 2015, 12:08:01 PM »
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  • MERS-CoV may be spreading in a new way:

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    Korean health authorities suggested the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak may have met a new milestone after a patient was described as the country’s first fourth-generation transmission of the fatal respiratory disease.

    But the facts in the case were not entirely clear.

    The patient, a 35-year-old seemingly healthy policeman who is now patient No. 119, is in serious condition with collapsed lungs.

    Four new patients announced Friday brought the total to 126 as of Friday.

    One additional death Friday brought the death toll of MERS to 11.

    The Ministry of Health and Welfare said on Friday that the 35-year-old policeman in Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi, is believed to have had contact with Patient No. 52 at the Good Samaritan Bagae Hospital in Pyeongtaek on May 31, although the government is still working on exactly when and where they had contact.

    “We have acquired medical records and CCTV footage from the hospital, but only one security camera is set up at the entrance,” said an official of the ministry. “Those records indicate Patient No. 52 came after Patient No. 119 left the hospital, so we are looking into how long they stayed at the hospital and so on.”

    If the policeman is found to have contracted the disease from Patient No. 52, he could be the first reported case of a fourth-generation MERS infection. Patient No. 52, a 54-year-old woman, is now considered a third-generation patient.

    Pyeongtaek St. Mary’s Hospital is where Patient No. 1 stayed between May 15 and 17, spreading the disease to 36 others, before he was correctly diagnosed with MERS at Samsung Medical Center in Seoul on May 20. Patient No. 1 brought the virus from the Middle East where he spent nearly a month before coming back to Korea on May 4.

    If Patient No. 119 is confirmed as the country’s first fourth-generation MERS infection case, the quarantine of people he may have exposed is expected to be extended another two weeks.

    Also on Friday, an 8-year-old boy was described as a possible fourth-generation patient, and authorities said he appeared to have been infected by his father while he was quarantined at home. His 49-year-old father is believed to have had exposure to Patient No. 14 and was in self-quarantine at home in Seongnam City.

    But later Friday, authorities admitted that the child had accompanied his father to Samsung Medical Center, where he could have been infected, making him third generation.

    He was not officially confirmed and is not included in the new cases. But he is the first child to contract MERS.

    “After the child’s father was confirmed to have MERS on Tuesday morning, we conducted an initial test [on the child],” a city official said. “At the time, the child tested negative. But on the second test, conducted Friday, he tested positive.”

    The four new patients confirmed Friday were infected by Patient No. 14 at Samsung Medical Center in Gangnam District, southern Seoul, and Pyeongtaek Good Morning Hospital. The number of new cases was considerably lower than Thursday’s 14, Wednesday’s 13 and eight on Tuesday.

    The fatality on Friday was Patient No. 51, a 72-year old woman. After being treated at Pyeongtaek St. Mary’s Hospital from May 12 to 21, she returned to her home in Sunchang, North Jeolla, where she was supposed to isolate herself.

    The village she stayed in Sunchang was completely sealed off from outsiders when she was confirmed for MERS on June 6.

    The Health Ministry also provided a list of 87 “safe hospitals” Friday where patients with respiratory symptoms are completely separated from other patients.

    The continuing spread of the virus in Korea is alarming more outside countries.

    The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advised doctors to pay attention to possible MERS infection coming to the United States, reminding them to ask respiratory disease patients whether they have recently traveled to South Korea.

    Hong Kong’s health authority also announced Friday that it held 43 passengers on flights from South Korea and another three from the United Arab Emirates on Wednesday after they exhibited MERS symptoms.

    It added that 45 of them tested negative, and did not specify the condition of the remaining passenger.

    The government launched a MERS hotline for foreigners on Friday, which was urged by embassies in Seoul.

    “We will provide real-time information for foreigners with an exclusive hotline from today,” acting Prime Minister and Finance Minister Choi Kyung-hwan said on Friday at a luncheon with officials of foreign companies and embassies.

    The number is 109.

    Meanwhile, education authorities were considering opening up schools that closed in fear of MERS, at least before news of the first transmission to a child came Friday afternoon.

    “We need to make important decisions over the weekend because it is very difficult to adjust school days if we close schools for more than 15 days,” said Education Minister Hwang Woo-yea on Friday. Hwang mentioned that the increase in MERS cases is slowing, that the Health Ministry accepted the աօʀʟd ɦɛaʟtɦ օʀɢaռiʐatɨօռ’s advice to reopen schools.

    As of Friday, 2,903 schools canceled classes or temporarily closed.
    Blessed be the Lord my God, who teacheth my hands to fight, and my fingers to war. ~ Psalms 143:1 (Douay-Rheims)


    Offline Catholic Samurai

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    MERS in South Korea and China: a potential outbreak threat?
    « Reply #2 on: June 12, 2015, 09:16:42 PM »
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  • You have a far better chance of tripping over a Yorkie (specifically) and falling down a flight of stairs than you do catching this new bug.

    Do something productive with your time like learning to garden and feed your neighbor, or say a rosary for the consecration of Russia instead of worrying about stuff like this that is never going to effect you.
    "Louvada Siesa O' Sanctisimo Sacramento!"~warcry of the Amakusa/Shimabara rebels

    "We must risk something for God!"~Hernan Cortes


    TEJANO AND PROUD!

    Offline Croix de Fer

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    MERS in South Korea and China: a potential outbreak threat?
    « Reply #3 on: June 15, 2015, 08:50:40 AM »
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  • Quote from: Catholic Samurai
    ....than you do catching this new bug.


    I presume you're saying "bug" to denote the "flu bug", hence influenza. MERS is not influenza, rather it's a beta coronavirus similar to SARS. The host reservoir for both MERS and SARS is the bat, whereas most flu host reservoirs are avian, swine, equine and canine. Zoonosis and subsequent human-to-human transmissions are a potential public health crisis.

    Quote from: Catholic Samurai
    Do something productive with your time like learning to garden and feed your neighbor, or say a rosary


    I already do those things, and I pray the rosary, not "say" it.

    Quote from: Catholic Samurai
    instead of worrying about stuff like this


    I don't worry about it. I'm not in fear. There's nothing wrong with being aware and preparing... The Lord told us to keep watch.

    Quote from: Catholic Samurai
    ... that is never going to effect you.

    I see you manifest a heavy condition of normalcy bias.  :stare:
    Blessed be the Lord my God, who teacheth my hands to fight, and my fingers to war. ~ Psalms 143:1 (Douay-Rheims)