So basically, everything in the mysteries is mentioned in both New and Old Testaments. I think my question has been answered. I was thinking that some of the information in the mysteries was completely outside of scripture.
Yes, indeed: the Old Testament heralded the advent of the Incarnate Word, and the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin was included in the same decree whereby Divine Providence predestined the human nature of Our Lord to be hypostatically united to the Second Person of the Blessed Trinity; so it follows that both Jesus and Mary were prefigured in the types found in the Old Testament as well as the oracles of the Prophets, the Sapiential Books, &c.
Here is another example:
And the king loved her more than all the women, and she had favour and kindness before him above all the women, and he set the royal crown on her head. (Esther ii. 17) -- God loved the Blessed Virgin above all other women, for she alone was fore-chosen as Mother of His sole-begotten Son.
Another example prefiguring a Mystery narrated by St. Luke:
"[David] feared God at that time, saying:
How can I bring in the ark of God to me? And therefore he brought it not home to himself, that is, into the city of David, but carried it aside into the house of Obededom the Gethite.
And the ark of God remained in the house of Obededom three months: and the Lord blessed his house, and all that he had" (I Par. xiii. 12-14).
Here is St. Luke's narration:
"And it came to pass, that when Elizabeth heard the salutation of Mary, the infant leaped in her womb. And Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Ghost: And she cried out with a loud voice, and said: Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb.
And whence is this to me, that the mother of my Lord should come to me? [...]
And Mary abode with her about three months; and she returned to her own house." (S. Luc. i. 41-43, 56)
Our Lady was typified by the Ark, especially in the Mystery of the Visitation, for she carried within her immaculate womb the very God who gave unto Moses the tables of the law, the Incarnate Word whose sacred Priesthood is infinitely superior to Aaron's priesthood and the true Manna that is to nourish the Church - Our Lord Himself as He had said, "I am the living bread which came down from heaven" (Joann. vi. 51).