In one such ruling, the Ninth Circuit observed:

The lessons of our constitutional history
are clear: inclusion strengthens, rather
than weakens, our most important institutions.
When we integrated our
schools, education improved. When we
opened our juries to women, our democracy
became more vital. When we allowed
lesbian and gαy soldiers to serve
openly in uniform, it enhanced unit cohesion.
When same-sex couples are
married, just as when opposite-sex couples
are married, they serve as models
of loving commitment to all.

These same observations ring true for American companies:
diversity and inclusion strengthen, not weaken,
our businesses.

Empirical evidence shows the business value of
investments in diversity. The Williams Institute at
the UCLA School of Law recently reviewed thirty-six
research studies and found that working in an LGBTsupportive
workplace results in “greater job commitment,
improved workplace relationships, increased
job satisfaction, improved health outcomes, and increased
productivity” among LGBT employees. 20 A
2013 study of approximately 300 firms that adopted
same-sex domestic partnership benefits between 1990
and 2006 showed an approximate ten percent average
stock price increase over the sample period—a performance
better than ninety-five percent of all U.S.
professional mutual funds—as well as “significant
improvement in operating performance relative to
companies that did not adopt such policies

HeterosɛҳuąƖ individuals, too, may decide that
states hostile to marriage equality are not states
where they want to live and work.47 Richard Florida,
a leading urban studies theorist, states that “members of the creative class—roughly 50 million people
including scientists engineers, and entrepreneurs, researchers
and academics, architects and designers,
artists, entertainers and professionals in business,
media, management, healthcare and law” use diversity
as a proxy for determining whether a city would
provide a welcoming home.48 The Williams Institute
found that “creative-class” Massachusetts residents
in same-sex relationships were 2.5 times more likely
to have moved there in the three years after marriage
equality than in the three years before.

Obviously the ninth circuit never served in any branch of the military!