Author Topic: St. Thomas affirming the Immaculate Conception! (Read 606 times)

Geremia · « **on:** February 08, 2018, 08:19:06 PM »

St. Thomas's views on the Immaculate Conception went through three phases.
^{cf. also ch. 2, art. 2, § "St. Thomas and the Immaculate Conception" of Mother of the Saviour and Our Interior Life by Fr. Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange, O.P.}

Phase 1: clearest support of it
St. Thomas's clearest support of the Immaculate Conception is in his commentary (1252-6) on Peter Lombard's Sentences (Super Sent., lib. 1 d. 44 q. 1 a. 3 ad 3):

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puritas intenditur per recessum a contrario: et ideo potest aliquid creatum inveniri quo nihil purius esse potest in rebus creatis, si nulla contagione peccati inquinatum sit; et talis fuit puritas beatae virginis, quae a peccato originali et actuali immunis fuit.
Purity is increased by withdrawing from its opposite: hence there can be a creature than whom no more pure is possible in creation, if it be free from all contagion of sin: and such was the purity of the Blessed Virgin who was immune from original and actual sin.

Phase 2: grappling with it
Summa Theologica III, written in 1272-3, contains the famous question 27 on the Sanctification of the Blessed Virgin, in which he seems to deny the Immaculate Conception.

Phase 3: seeming return to his original position
He preached in his On the Angelic Salutation (Lent 1273):

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Ipsa (Virgo) omne peccatum vitavit magis quam alius sanctus, praeter Christum. Peccatum enim aut est originale, et de isto fuit mundata in utero; aut mortale aut veniale, et de istis libera fuit. … Sed Christus excellit beatam virginem in hoc quod sine originali conceptus et natus est. Beata autem virgo in originali est concepta, sed non nata.
For She Herself avoided every sin, more holy than anyone after Christ. For sin is either original, and from this she was cleansed in the womb; or mortal or venial, and from these She was free. … But Christ excelled the Blessed Virgin in this, that He was conceived and born without original (sin). Moreover the the Blessed Virgin was conceived in original (sin), but not born (in it).

The sense of "the Blessed Virgin was conceived in/with original sin (in/cuм peccato originali)" is explained by a similar passage of his Compendium Theologiæ cap. 224 ("Sanctification of Christ's Mother") (1272-3), in which he seems to be referring to Sts. Anne's and Joachim's sɛҳuąƖ act,* not to the Blessed Virgin's participation in Adam's sin (or lack thereof):
^{*(cf. St. Augustine's theory that the propagation of original sin is due to the concupiscence inherent in the sɛҳuąƖ act after the Fall, On Marriage & Concupiscence ch. 27, and this)}

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Nec solum a peccato actuali immunis fuit, sed etiam ab originali, speciali privilegio mundata. Oportuit siquidem quod cuм peccato originali conciperetur, utpote quae ex utriusque sexus commixtione concepta fuit. Hoc enim privilegium sibi soli servabatur ut virgo conciperet filium Dei. Commixtio autem sexus, quae sine libidine esse non potest post peccatum primi parentis, transmittit peccatum originale in prolem. Similiter etiam quia si cuм peccato originali concepta non fuisset, non indigeret per Christum redimi, et sic non esset Christus universalis hominum redemptor, quod derogat dignitati Christi. Est ergo tenendum, quod cuм peccato originali concepta fuit, sed ab eo quodam speciali modo purgata fuit.
Mary was not only free from actual sin, but she was also, by a special privilege, cleansed from original sin. She had, indeed, to be conceived with original sin, inasmuch as her conception resulted from the commingling of both sexes. For the privilege of conceiving without impairment of virginity was reserved exclusively to her who as a virgin conceived the Son of God. But the commingling of the sexes which, after the sin of our first parent, cannot take place without lust,* transmits original sin to the offspring. Likewise, if Mary had been conceived without original sin, she would not have had to be redeemed by Christ, and so Christ would not be the universal redeemer of men, which detracts from His dignity. Accordingly we must hold that she was conceived with original sin, but was cleansed from it in some special way.

^{*(cf. Psalm 50:7: "For behold I was conceived in iniquities; and in sins did my mother conceive me.")}

Maillot Jaune · « **Reply #1 on:** May 04, 2019, 08:46:14 PM »

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[...] Blessed Virgin who was immune from [...] actual sin.

Poor choice of words. The BVM wasn't immune from actual sin. She was free from actual sin due to her FREE WILL, not because of a predisposed immunity that protected her from sin. To teach she was immune to sin is to dishonor her, because it says she didn't freely choose Our Lord over sin. She was no more immune to sin than Eve was immune to it. The BVM chose Our Lord, but Eve chose sin.

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Accordingly we must hold that she (BVM) was conceived with original sin, but was cleansed from it in some special way.

Another ridiculous comment. If she was conceived with original sin, then she was, de facto, not conceived immaculately. This contradicts the OP's notion that Aquinas taught that the BVM is the Immaculate Conception.

Author Topic: St. Thomas affirming the Immaculate Conception! (Read 606 times)

Geremia

St. Thomas affirming the Immaculate Conception!

Maillot Jaune

Re: St. Thomas affirming the Immaculate Conception!