True, you could also ask him if he believes in Evil. If he says yes then he is trapped because if there is evil there must be good and if there is good there must be an ultimate good. 

He seems to just be a garden variety nihilist. Probably was influenced by friends to think this way and hasn't really thought much for himself. I don't think he's a lost soul yet!

Thank you.  The sense of utter dejection and hopelessness is very profound in my interactions with my friend...I’ve never encountered such a devastatingly rejected person/soul.  I feel so much pity for him and HUGE concern for his physical well-being - against his own hand.

Don’t be afraid to tell him that ѕυιcιdєs go to hell.

Suggestion:


This world was created by God as a test.


Tell him it's the intentional design of the devil and his minions to mislead humans into despair to fail the test, hoping their souls
will join them in Hell.
 
He should come to realize, he's been given many graces and gifts from God to pass the test and not reject them.

But take advantage of this limited opportunity to save his soul and be with God for eternity of Heaven.

A neighbor of mine messaged me, and a number of his friends this “quote”, by email, and said this is how he views his life.  “We live in a secular society where the underlying assumption is, that we are naked apes, on a rock, hurtling through space. There is no reason for our existence, no meaning to our lives, and we all enter and leave a cruel and callous world which cares not one jot about us”.  
Any thoughts or anything I can reach out to him with?   I’m at a loss.

Heliocentrism and Darwinism are false teachings of "scientific materialism", which is an old euphemism for Marxism. For example, so called "gravity", as "gravitation" in the Newtonian sense, is no lateral force, yet the Moon goes laterally around the Earth. It must not be "gravity" then that directs the Moon around the Earth, and it could not have gotten there by accident either. Newtonian gravitation implies an accident, and for such occasional accidents to be correct too many other things have to be wrong; but cause and effect as we see in the orbit of the Moon is within an order of cause and effect that is not accidental. The almanacs prove that.
The proper sense and respect for cause and effect that people should have by nature has been poisoned by "scientific materialism" and bad philosophy. Some call it brainwashing. He could be suffering from brainwashing and with the wrong kind of soap. "Don't let the commies get you down", Archie Bunker could say as he may be watching from Heaven. He should take some time to learn the classical point of view from Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, and the Apostles, and Duns Scotus, et cetera.
Many small things are not so accidental as many people imagine and neither are the more important ones. Socrates defined justice as that which penetrates all things, so justice will even make sense of accidents, which makes them less accidental. The cosmos is no accident.

I don't recommend arguing. I recommend living the holiness that God is calling you to live. This is what brings people to the true Faith.