hi Trinity,

The story is in Luke 2.
Jesus spent most of his life in Galilee,they went to Judea at certain times of the year for the feasts as was the custom.

The тαℓмυd was more 'oral'  at that time. So no I don't think he studied it.But evidently he knew what it was by referring to it as 'traditions of the elders'.

I have a 1941 Bible printed by the Douay Bible House.  It too uses synogogue where you said it did.  Why is it "temple" in the childhood of Jesus and "synogogue" in his adulthood?  Or is the temple just in Jerusalem?

Yes, it appears to be the case.   Hmmm.  Anyone have any other insights?

Yes, there was only one Temple and that was located in Jerusalem. It was destroyed in A.D. 70 by the Romans. ѕуηαgσgυєs were just meeting places where the faithful would assemble to pray and read from the Holy Scriptures. They started to pop up sometime after the Babylonian captivity if I recall correctly.

Many of the early Catholics were Jєωs and used these buildings to preach the Gospel. Eventually the unbelieving majority of the Jєωs kicked the Christians out of their ѕуηαgσgυєs and Judaism became thoroughly "тαℓмυdized".

I think 'originally' the words ѕуηαgσgυє & church meant 'assembly' or 'gathering'.

as the verse below.
Matthew 18:20 - For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them.

one source:
Many have suggested that the ѕуηαgσgυє arose in the Babylonian exile as a response to the loss of the Temple as the center of Jєωιѕн religious life. Though the suggestion is reasonable, no direct evidence exists for its presence and the biblical passages cited (Ezek. 11:16; 14:1) are far from convincing. In addition, no mention of the ѕуηαgσgυє is made in Ezra and Nehemiah, nor is any destruction of ѕуηαgσgυєs mentioned during the Maccabean revolt.
The public reading of Torah is described in Nehemiah 8 and mentioned in 1 Macc. 3:48, but these assemblies are extraordinary public gatherings; we do not know whether these practices were regularly done. Some scholars suggest that the Hellenistic crisis during the second century b.c., in which there was a conflict among Jєωs over acculturation and fidelity to tradition, produced the ѕуηαgσgυє as a mode of resistance to Hellenism, i.e., Greek culture and custom. Since the ѕуηαgσgυє existed in developed form in the first century a.d., it is likely that it came into being in the two centuries preceding, but no direct evidence for it then exists.

another source:
The actual origin of the ѕуηαgσgυє is lost in history. The consensus of opinion, however, is that the ѕуηαgσgυє originated during the Babylonian Exile, beginning in 586 B.C., when deprived of the Temple, Jєωs would meet from time to time to read the scriptures. Whatever the exact origin, it is during the first century C.E., particularly after the destruction of of the Second Temple by the Romans in 70 A.D. that the ѕуηαgσgυє emerges as a well established institution and the center of the social and religious life of the people.

another source:
By the first century, ѕуηαgσgυєs emerge as the central institution of Jєωιѕн life once the Temple is destroyed, a place where study, worship, meeting, celebration, and civic meetings take place. There were ѕуηαgσgυєs not only in Babylonia, but in Alexandria and throughout the Land of Israel, in places such as Dora, Caesarea, Nazareth and Capernaum (the last four are mentioned by Josephus). The тαℓмυd tells us that, at the time of the Destruction of the Second Temple, there were 394 ѕуηαgσgυєs in Jerusalem alone.
Once the Temple no longer stood, however, the worship service in the ѕуηαgσgυє came to be a substitute for the sacrificial cult, an alternative means of serving God.Thrice daily services were instituted, with Shacharit, Minchah, and Ma'ariv featuring a long prayer called the Amidah (also called Ha-Tefilah -- "the Prayer" -- or Shemonah Esrei -- "the 18 benedictions).
In its essence and most import function, however, the ѕуηαgσgυє was a Beit Midrash, a House of Study. :reading:

So my conclusion is that at the time of Jesus & the Apostles, ѕуηαgσgυєs were more houses of study (assemblies, gatherings) which the pharisees taught THEIR oral traditions with the torah to the judeans.
The Temple was the main worship building until 70AD.