I was just thinking about the flat earth model this morning and the question that comes to mind is this:
If there is a solid dome surrounding the Earth, that would create a pressure vessel. Pascal's law should then apply (Pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fluid and the walls of the containing vessel. The law also applies to gasses, the difference being that a gas is treated as a compressible fluid). In other words the air pressure should be the same or practically the same regardless of altitude, but we can measure a noticeable difference, some examples: 14.7 PSI at sea level, ~10 PSI at 10,000 ft.
Just thinking aloud, what am I missing?
That's a good question. With the laws of density, the heavier elements sink, whereas the lighter ones go to the top. I've seen experiments where fluids of different densities are put into a test-tube (and they're all dyed different colors), and the less dense ones float to the top. So the difference in pressure likely has to do with the quantities of the different gases out there. We have more of the heavier elements, such and nitrogen, and those sink toward the bottom, whereas the lighter stuff floats to the top. But since there's less of the lighter elements, there would be less in the higher reaches of the atmosphere, resulting in less pressure.
On the contrary, if you posit an atmosphere adjacent to a vacuum, it absolutely should get sucked right off the planet. There's no way that "gravity" suffices to overcome a vacuum. I can put a straw into a liquid, apply a vacuum with my mouth, and counteract the "force" of "gravity" with a miniscule degree of vacuum compared to the complete vacuum of space.
So I think that density / buoyancy ... combined with whatever it is that gives directionality to the movement is responsible for the increases in air pressure at the lower elevations.