THE EARTHMOVERS: As time went by, this geocentric doctrine was developed further to satisfy the insatiable curiosity of man and the infinite theology of God, a synthesis of thought found in the reasoning refined and articulated in a Christian way over the centuries by the Fathers and Doctors of the Church, especially Dionysius the Areopagite (1st century AD); St Clement of Alexandria (150-215AD) - who established that the altar in the Jєωιѕн tabernacle was ‘a symbol of the earth placed in the middle of the universe;’ Peter Lombard (12th century); and then St Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274). ‘With great power and clearness,’ wrote Andrew White, ‘Saint Thomas Aquinas, the sainted theologian, the glory of the mediaeval Church, the ‘Angelic Doctor,’ brought the whole vast system, material and spiritual, into its relation to God and man,’ a composite of theology, philosophy and metaphysics that resulted in ‘a sacred system of cosmology, one of the great treasures of the universal Church.’ (Andrew D. White: A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom, New York, Appleton, 1870 and updated 1896, p.116.)
St Thomas brought about a universal change in emphasis. Up to his time philosophy had been the centre of knowledge since the Greek thinkers, but with the application of Christian Revelation and infused wisdom, theology found its place in the intellectual world, with all the other disciplines, including metaphysics, ethics, logic, politics, economics etc., subservient to it. Thomism then, became the vehicle for a system of learning and education. Hence with the scholastics, the primacy of a teleological explanation for the existence of man, his nature, place, purpose and destiny was established more fully. Finally, but not least, there was the geocentrism of St Cardinal Robert Bellarmine (1542-1621) in his 1614 book De Ascensione Mentis in Deum - The Mind’s Ascent to God by the Ladder of Created Things.
Having reconciled Aristotle’s geocentric metaphysics with Christianity, it was then time to cleanse other alien ideas of the Greek scholar’s in the light of Christian Revelation and teaching of the Catholic Church, arising from the dogma that everything presupposes the Creation by God. This occurred in 1277AD, when Bishop Étienne Tempier of Paris banned 219 propositions of Aristotle’s from the University at Sorbonne, the leading school of learning at the time. For example, the Greek, thinking ‘it is impossible to make something out of nothing,’ reasoned that the universe must always have existed. The Old Testament however, reveals that the world had a beginning in time when God created it out of nothing. Here then, in 1277, the theology of the Church began to assert itself over the rational ideas of man.
Other metaphysical beliefs shared by all the major pagan cultures including the Egyptians, Babylonians, Hindus, Chinese, as well as the Greeks, were then eliminated from the Sorbonne, myths like Animism (that all matter moves itself); Pantheism (that the world and God are the same thing); Astrology (that the movements of the stars influence happenings and people on the earth), and Cyclic History (that all events in history repeat themselves exactly in time).
Nearly three centuries later, on December 13, 1545, the Church convened the Council of Trent. This was done to counter the Protestant rebellion that could be dated from 1517.