Vittoria even makes allowance that the bad example of some bad Catholics who did not evangelize in love but rather were intent on loot, plunder and mistreatment of others means the Gospel may not be fully promulgated among some in his time yet. It shows that only after such preaching has been accomplished can it then be said, that those who have known the necessity of Baptism and then still refused to accept Baptism from the Church are now lost.
"For example, in the Spanish colonies, the friars may have “preached the Gospel” by proclaiming Christian doctrines in a perfunctory way, with little explanation. Could those indigenous peoples unswayed by this preaching be considered to have rejected the Gospel? Vitoria thought not. More importantly, he considered that the unjust behaviors of the conquistadores undermined the reception of the Gospel by the indigenous:
Quote It does not appear that the Christian religion has been preached to [the indigenous] with such sufficient propriety and piety that they are bound to acquiesce in it, even though many religious and other ecclesiastics seem both by their lives and example and their diligent preaching to have bestowed sufficient pains and industry in this business, had they been hindered therein by men who were intent on other things. (De Indis et de Iure Belli, cited in Sullivan, pp. 72-73)
Continued: "Melchior Cano, O.P. (1509-1560), Domingo Soto, O.P. (1494-1560), and Andreas de Vega, O.F.M. (1498-1549). All three, drawing on medieval scholastic conclusions, argued that even those indigenous peoples who had not heard the Gospel could live their life in accord with the natural law, with the assistance of God’s grace. Cano concluded that someone who lived such a life could experience justification, that is, the gracious remission of original sin, and develop implicit faith (this conclusion was based on Cano’s interpretation of an somewhat obscure passage from Aquinas’s Summa; see ST, I-II, q. 89, a. 6). Without explicit faith in Christ, however, this person could not experience salvation. (On Cano, see Sullivan, pp. 74-75 and Moralis, p. 78)
Soto and Vega, who played important roles as theological advisors at the Council of Trent, went a step further than Cano. Soto, in the first edition of his work De Natura et Gratia (1547), argued that for those in a state of invincible ignorance regarding the Gospel of Christ, belief in that which is naturally knowable about God through reason was sufficient for salvation, in place of supernatural faith. Vega, the Franciscan, took a similar position (although Morali’s account of Vega’s thought is unclear; see pp. 77-78). Morali argues that Vitoria had likewise taken this position by the end of his life, developing it in an unfinished section of his De Indis et de Iure Belli (pp. 75-76). By 1549, Soto had concluded that supernatural faith was necessary for salvation; unlike Cano, however, he argued that implicit faith (or fides confusa) was sufficient not only for the justification, but also for the salvation, of those in a state of invincible ignorance regarding the Gospel. Therefore, Soto extended Aquinas’s thinking on the implicit faith of the righteous Gentiles of the past to those in a state of invincible ignorance after the coming of Christ (On Soto, see Sullivan, pp. 75-76 and Morali, pp. 76-77)."