However, the child is not and never has been a member of the Catholic Church, membership in which is a necessary prerequisite for salvation.
There's only 1 baptism. If an Orthodox child is validly baptized, they are a member of the Catholic Church. Baptism = membership.
If a valid, Orthodox/protestant baptism didn't make one a member of the Church, then the Church wouldn't recognize such and would require ALL converts to be "re-baptized" for the "first" time. But She does not, because the original, valid baptism is legit and makes one a child of God, heir to heaven and a Catholic member.
This all changes once the age of reason is reached.
Should they die, they will be damned. The severity or mildness of their punishment is known to God alone until the General Judgment, but they would be eternally excluded from the Beatific Vision.
No, they would only be damned if they accepted Orthodoxy/schism or protestant heresy. Such "acceptance" would require the use of reason.