From the Jєωιѕн Encyclopedia, we learned that the тαℓмυd slanders our Savior, Jesus Christ.

"... the Jєωιѕн Encyclopœdia admits that Jєωιѕн legends concerning Jesus are found in the тαℓмυd and Midrash and in " the life of Jesus ( Toledot Yeshu) that originated in the Middle Ages. It is the tendency of all these sources to belittlethe person of Jesus by ascribing to Him illegitimate birth, magic, and a shameful death. " 1.

[size=+0][size=+0]Rev. I. B. Pranaitis revealed in The тαℓмυd Unmasked [/size][/font][/size]that Jesus is also maligned as a false teacher:

"… He[Jesus] is referred to in the тαℓмυd as Otho Isch- "That man," i.e. the one who is known to all. In the tract Abhodah Zarah, 6a, we read: "He is called a Christian who follows the false teachings of that man, who taught them to celebrate the feast on the first day of the Sabbath, that is, to worship on the first day after Sabbath…Talui, -"The one who was hanged"…" 2.

Jєωιѕн sources avoid the Greek name "Jesus", meaning 'savior', and abbreviate Jeschua to "Jeshu' which means "may his name be blotted out!"

"…name in Hebrew would be Jeschua Hanotsri--Jesus the Nazarene. He is called Notsri from the city of Nazareth… In the тαℓмυd Christians are also called Notsrim. (Amongst other things). 'Since the word Jeschua means 'Savior,' the name Jesus rarely occurs in the Jєωιѕн books. It is almost always abbreviated to Jeschu… as if it were composed of the initial letters of the three words Immach SCHemo Vezikro-- (meaning)- -'May his name be blotted out.'" 4.

Hebrew Roots proponents claim that these teachings are a thing of the past. However, a review of various Jєωιѕн sources in use today discloses identical the same or similar teachings. The тαℓмυd and Cabala teachings of the Toledot Yeshu-- (or Tolodoth Ieschu or Sepher Toldoth Jehoshua) are representative of teachings regarding Christ which may be shocking to Christians. A brief overview of these teachings cites the тαℓмυd, (treatise Sabbath, folio 104, treatise Sanhedrim, folio 107, and Sota, folio 47) which presents this falsified account of Jesus:

"...the Toledot Yeshu relates with the most indecent details that Miriam, a hairdresser of Bethlehem,4. affianced to a young man named Jochanan, was seduced by a libertine, Joseph Panther or Pandira, and gave birth to a son whom she named Johosuah or Jeschu. According to the тαℓмυdic authors of the Sota and the Sanhedrim,Jeschu was taken during his boyhood to Egypt, where he was initiated into the secrets doctrines of the priests, and on his return to Palestine gave himself up to the practice of magic. 5. The Toledot Yeshu, however, goes on to say that on reaching manhood, Jeschu learnt the secret of his illegitimacy, on account of which he was driven out of the ѕуηαgσgυє and took refuge for a time in Galilee."

"Now, there was in the Temple a stone on which was engraved the Tetragrammaton [YHWH] or Schem Hamphorasch, that is to say, the Ineffable Name of God; this stone had been found by King David when the foundations of the Temple were being prepared and was deposited by him in the Holy of Holies. Jeschu, knowing this, came from Galilee and, penetrating into the Holy of Holies, read the Ineffable name, which he transcribed on to a piece of whom parchment and concealed in an incision under his skin. By this means he was able to work miracles and to persuade the people that he was the son of God foretold by Isaiah. With the aid of Judas, the Sages of the ѕуηαgσgυє, succeeding in capturing Jeschu, who was then lead before the Great and Little Sanhedrim, by whom he was condemned to be stoned to death and finally hanged." Such is the story of Christ according to the Jєωιѕн Kabbalists ..." 5.

[size=+0]This false witness to the person of Jesus in the тαℓмυd is also confirmed by Rev. I. B. Pranaitis in his online report, The тαℓмυd Unmasked: The Secret Rabbinical Teachings Concerning Christians, and other sources" 6. 
 [/font][/size]
[size=+0]In his article, "Some Disturbing Aspects of the So-called 'Hebrew Roots' Movement and Their Implications" Andrew Gould presents the Hebrew Roots' doubtful view concerning the validity of the Gospel account of Jesus.[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"…It has been widely accepted in "Hebrew Roots" circles that Jesus spoke Hebrew and that the Gospels were originally written in Hebrew. Most "Hebrew Roots" ministries have been influenced in this notion by the output of a body called the Jerusalem School Of Synoptic Research, [JSSR] and most especially due to the widespread influence of the book "Understanding The Difficult Words Of Jesus" published by David Bivin (Director of the JSSR) and his partner Roy Blizzard. in 1984 and reprinted in 1994 and 1995…" 7.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]According to the JSSR, there is a more authentic Life of Jesus than the gospel accounts:[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"… There was an original Hebrew 'Life of Jesus', from parts of which our canonical Greek Gospel Texts are mere compilations and translations. The individual words of the Greek texts that we have are standard Greek equivalents used to translate Hebrew docuмents into Greek, therefore we can retranslate back into Hebrew to discover what Jesus really said. Failure to appreciate the Hebraic origins of the Gospels has led to mistranslation, misinterpretation, spiritually damaging error and doctrinal confusion." 8.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]It has been established that the original manuscripts for the New Testament were composed in Greek. The Toledot Yeshu is a Hebrew version of the life of Jesus Christ for Jєωs who rejected him as God come in the flesh. It is also purveyed in Jєωιѕн sources that Jesus was not viewed as divine by his disciples, but was viewed as the human Messiah. This subject will be pursued in the next section on Jєωιѕн Thought.[/size][/font][/size]
[size=+0]Sir James Frazer, author of The Golden Bough, states that to cast doubt on the historical reality of Jesus, would be hardly less absurd than it would be to doubt Mohammed, and so on. Other historians reiterate that the existence of Christ is an historic fact. However, Rene' Guenon, "who writes with inside knowledge" of Theosophy in Le Theosophisme (1921), cites a reference to the occultic Le Lotus of 1887 which states that Jesus Christ of the New Testament never existed, but the Jesus of the тαℓмυd did exist:[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"... Madam Blavatsky's writings, on the person of Christ, ... 'For me, Jesus Christ, that is to say the Man-God of the Christians, copy of the Avatars of all countries, of the Hindu Chrishna as of the Egyptian Horus, was never a historical personage.' Hence the story of His life was merely an allegory founded on the existence of the 'a personage named Jehoshua born at Lud.' But elsewhere she asserted that Jesus may have lived during the Christian era or a century earlier 'as the Sepher Toldoth Jehoshua indicates.'[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"And Madame Blavatsky went on to say of the savants who deny the historical value of this legend, that they- 'either lie or talk nonsense. It is our Masters who affirm it. If the history of Jehoshua or Jesus Ben Pandera is false, then the whole of the тαℓмυd, the whole of the Jєωιѕн canon law, is false. It was the disciple of Jehoshua ben Parachai, the fifth President of the Sanhedrin since Ezra, who re-wrote the Bible .... This story is much truer than that of the New Testament, of which history does not say a word." 9.[/font][/size]

Could it be that Jehoshua Ben Pandera[size=+0][size=+0] of the тαℓмυd, who was [/size][/font][/size]initiated into the 'secret doctrine' and gave himself over to the practice of magic, is the Jehoshua or Yeshua promoted by the Hebrew Roots teachers?  The following is a portion of an e-mail exchange dated 1/28/99 between the writer and Uri Marcus of Nehemiah Trustee Covenant Fund:

Vicky Dillen: The name Jesus Christ is known world wide and synonymous with Christianity.  That is a historical fact.
Uri Marcus: Today, yes. 200+ years ago it was synonymous with nothing. How naive you are of history...
Vicky Dillen: The Jєωιѕн people reject that Jesus Christ was divine and believe that He was not God come in the flesh. I believe on the other hand that He is all of that. Where do you stand Uri? In the Jєωιѕн belief or in what Christ himself said and what is taught in the New Testament?
Uri Marcus: I believe in the Jєωιѕн belief. But your definition is somewhat lacking. Doesn't look like you would understand it, since its already been explained, and it just goes right over your head.

[size=+0][size=+0]From the La Science des Esprits, by the 19^th century occultist, Eliphas Levi, we learned that the Cabalistic Toledot Yeshu and similar тαℓмυdic teachings were purposely hidden from Christians.[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"…the Toledot Yeshu, or the Sepher Toldos Jeschu, described here as originating in the Middle Ages…belongs in a much earlier period. Eliphas Levi asserts that 'the Sepher Toldos, to which the Jєωs attribute a great antiquity and which they hid from the Christians with such precautions that this book was for a long while unfindable, is quoted for the first time by Raymond Martin of the Order of the Preaching Brothers… This book was evidently written by a Rabbi initiated into the mysteries of the Cabala 1.'" 10.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]In 1242, the тαℓмυd was put on trial and ordered to be burned, by King Louis IX, because of its vicious slanders against Jesus Christ and Christians. It was stated that The тαℓмυd encouraged the robbery and deception of Christians as a virtue; that it was permitted to break a promise, and so on.[/size][/font][/size]
[size=+0]The stories contained in Toledot Yeshu and similar teachings were well-known in Jєωιѕн circles, but did not come to the knowledge of Gentiles or Christians until Raymond Martin translated the Toledot Yeshu into Latin. Later, Martin Luther summarized it in German under the name Schem Hamphorasch; Luther's expose is available in French in Gustave Brunet's, Evangiles Apocryphes. 11.[/font][/size]
[size=+0]According to Geschichte der Juden, by Jєωιѕн historian Heinrich Graetz, the image presented of Jesus Christ is simply as an initiate of Essenism; in other words, Jesus was just performing the miracles that any adept in the mystery religions could do.[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"…Thus the Jєωιѕн historian Graetz declares that Jesus simply appropriated to himself the essential features of Essenism, and that primitive Christianity was "nothing but an offshoot of Essenism"2" 12a.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]Nesta Webster wrote the тαℓмυd characterizes Jesus Christ as a magician for an esoteric sect, such as the Essenes:[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]". . . So after representing Christ as a magician in the Toledot Yeshu and the тαℓмυd, Jєωιѕн tradition seeks to explain His miraculous works as those of a mere healer--an idea that we shall find descending right through the secret societies to this day… if the miracles of Christ were simply due to a knowledge of natural laws and His doctrines were the outcome of a sect, the whole theory of His divine power and mission falls to the ground…" 12.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]When the Jєωιѕн teachings regarding Jesus Christ were discovered in the early 1600's, a cover-up ensued. In 1631, a Jєωιѕн synod in Poland ordered the offending passages to be expunged, and that these teaching were to be passed on orally to young Jєωs by Rabbis. This is docuмented by P.L.B Drach:[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"Drach, op.cit. I.168, 169. The text of this encyclical is given in Hebrew and also in translation, thus: " This is why we enjoin you, under the pain of excommunication major, to print nothing in future editions, whether of Mischna or of the Gemara, which relates whether for good or evil to the acts of Jesus the Nazarene, and to substitute instead a circle like this O, which will warn the Rabbis and schoolmasters to teach the young these passages only viva voce. By means of this precaution the savants amongst the Nazarenes will have no further pretext to attack us on this subject. Cf, Abbe'Chiarini, Le тαℓмυd de Babylone, p. 45 (1831)." 13.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]The offending passages are said to have been reinserted since then, although the such passages may not necessarily be in English translations or newer editions. 14.[/size][/font][/size]
[size=+0]These, then, are the teachings and thought within the тαℓмυd regarding our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. [size=+0]Some might say that the views presented from the past regarding Jesus Christ do not apply today, or have no effect on our studying Jєωιѕн tradition, teachings or thought within the Hebrew Roots movement. Or that the above slander of Our Lord is no longer taught. If so, then what current Jєωιѕн thought regarding the Messiah, salvation, sin, the Son of God, and the divinity of Christ?  Do Jєωs define these terms as Christians do?[/size][/font][/size]
[size=+0]In his volume, The тαℓмυd, Joseph Barclay confirms that the writings of Drach, a тαℓмυdist turned Catholic whose writings were never refuted by Jєωs, called Jesus was a sorcerer:[/font][/size]

[size=+0]" … Abominable calumnies on Christ and Christianity occur not only in the Cabala but in the earlier editions of the тαℓмυd. In these, says Barclay - 'Our Lord and savior is 'that one', 'such an one', 'a fool', 'the leper', 'the deceiver of Israel', etc. Efforts are made to prove that He is the son of Joseph Pandira before His marriage with Mary. His miracles are attributed to sorcery the secret of which He brought in a slit in His flesh out of Egypt. He is said had been first stoned and then hanged on the eve of the Passover. His disciples are called heretics and opprobious names. They are accused of immoral practices, and the New Testament is called a sinful book. The references to these subjects manifest the most bitter aversion and hatred." 15.  [/font][/size]

Considering [size=+0]the diversity of thought inside Judaism as found in four different groupings - Orthodoxy, Conservative, Reform, and Reconstructionist Judaism - we cannot claim that the respective ideas of each group agree on all points. However, there are some underlying beliefs that appear to remain constant and accepted by most Jєωs regarding Christ, the Messiah, salvation, sin, and so on.[/font][/size]
[size=+0]Dr. Lawrence J. Epstein, considered a Conservative Jєω, explains The Differences between Judaism and Christianity in his book by that name. In a chapter, "The Jєωιѕн View of Jesus," Dr. Epstein gives Jesus credit for being a good teacher, but not God:[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"To Christians, the central tenet of their religion is the belief that Jesus is the Son of God, part of the trinity, the savior of souls who is the messiah. He is God's revelation through flesh. Jesus was, in Christian terms, God incarnate, God in the flesh who came to Earth to absorb the sins of humans and therefore free from sin those who accepted his divinity. To Jєωs, whatever wonderful teacher and storyteller Jesus may have been, he was just a human, not the son of God (except in the metaphorical sense in which all humans are children of God). In the Jєωιѕн view, Jesus cannot save souls; only God can. Jesus did not, in the Jєωιѕн view, rise from the dead." 16.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]The "Jєωs for Judaism" web site describes Jesus as a false prophet predicted in the Old Testament.[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"…Jesus the Nazarene, who imagined that he would be messiah and was killed, is alluded to in the book of Daniel, as it is said, `And the sons of the transgressors among thy people will rise, in order to establish a vision, and will stumble' (Dan. 11:14). Can there be a greater stumbling then this? All the prophets said that messiah will be a redeemer and a savior to the Israelites, will bring together their outcasts, and will strengthen their obedience to the Divine precepts, but he (Jesus) caused destruction by the sword to Israel, the dispersion of those left, and their humiliation. He changed the law, and misled many people to worship a being beside G-D…." 17.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]Rabbi Hyam Maccoby, in Revolution in Judaea, written in 1973 and still proclaimed accurate today, defines the Jєωιѕн view of Messiah as an anointed one, and angel or king, but not divine:[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"The title "Messiah' (Greek-Christos) was not a divine title among the Jєωs. It simply means ' anointed'. It was given to two Jєωιѕн officials, King and the High Priest… every Jєωιѕн king of the house of David was known as Messiah, or Christ…" 18.[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"The 'Son of Man', was not a Messiah. He was an angel identified with the Guardian Angel of Israel, with Metatron, with the angel who guided the Children of Israel in the wilderness…" 19.[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"…There is hardly any reference in the Prophetic writings of the Old Testament to the Messiah as a person. There is no splendid shining figure judging mankind, sitting at the right-hand of God and coming very near to eclipsing God Himself by His glory." 20.[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"Messiah…in Jєωιѕн eyes, belonged to royalty, not divinity. Even the title 'Son of God" was to Jєωs (but not to the Gnostics) a human title applied at various times in the Hebrew Scriptures to Kings such as King David…"Son of Man" also was not a divine title…far better known as a mode of address to a prophet…to mean simply 'human being'." 21.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]The Jєωs for Judaism web site explains the historical "Jєωιѕн Belief in Messiah," from the Mishna (Torah) by Maimonides, as one who would restore the Kingdom of David:[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"... In his monumental work Mishneh Torah, Maimonides (1135-1204) spelled out the fundamental Jєωιѕн concept of the messiah as it was handed down to us, generation after generation, from the time of the prophets…"[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"…from the Mishneh Torah, Hilchot Melachim XI - XII. The King Messiah will in some future time come, restore the kingdom of David to its former power, build the Temple, bring together the scattered of Israel, and all the ancient laws will again be in force. Sacrifices will be offered, and years of release and Jubilees will be kept as prescribed in the Torah. Whoever does not believe in him, or does not hope for his coming, shows a lack of faith not only in the prophets, but also in the Torah…" 22.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]Some Jєωs have believed there would be many Messiahs. At the time of Christ, Hyam Maccoby states:[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"… Any leader who succeeded in driving out the Romans and setting up an independent Jєωιѕн state would have little difficulty in being recognized as the Messiah. His very success would prove his claim. Thus Bar Kochba was recognized as the Messiah by Rabbi Akiva even though there was no evidence of his descent from David." 23.[/font][/size]

Demonstrating the spiritual blindness of the Jєωs, T[size=+0]he Jєωιѕн Guardian[/font][/size][size=+0][size=+0] of 1924 interpreted the great messianic prophecy, Isaiah 53, as the sufferings of Israel, rather than Jesus Christ:[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"… an article in the Jєωιѕн Press,… according to the teaching of the 'Liberal Jєωιѕн ѕуηαgσgυє,' the beautiful passages in the fifty-third chapter of Isaiah concerning 'the Man of Sorrows acquainted with grief,' usually supposed by Christians to relate to the promised Messiah, are interpreted to modern Jєωιѕн youth as relating to Israel and signifying that Israel's 'sufferings were caused by the sins of other nations,' who thus 'escaped the suffering they deserved.' Consequently, 'Israel was offered for the sake of the whole world.'2." 24.[/font][/size]

[size=+0]According to Dr. Lawrence J. Epstein, current Jєωιѕн teaching precludes Jesus as the Messiah because it is unanimously believed that the Messiah will bring peace:[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"Jesus is not seen as the messiah. In the Jєωιѕн view, the messiah is a human being who will usher in an era of peace. We can tell the messiah by looking at the world and seeing if it is at peace. From the Jєωιѕн view, this clearly did not happen when Jesus was on Earth or anytime after his death." 25.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]Hyam Maccoby believed Jesus to be a rebel, but misrepresented by the gospel accounts out of fear of reprisals by Rome:[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"…Jesus was executed as a rebel, against Rome, not as a blasphemer against the Jєωιѕн religion, and that the Gospel's misrepresentations on this point are politically motivated--I regard as strongly established…" 26.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]Hyam Maccoby is considered a classical scholar and Rabbi of Reform Judaism, and has in recent years been director of the library at the Leo Baeck College of Judaistics in London. His books appear to present accepted ideas regarding Christ, Christianity and the New Testament and the Jєωιѕн thought. To clarify Jєωιѕн views and dispel Christian misconceptions of the Messiah, Maccoby redefined Jesus' mission:[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"…The phrase 'the kingdom of God'…meant the reign of God (not His heavenly territory) and referred to a projected return to a Jєωιѕн system of theocracy…" 27.[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"….He [Jesus] had campaigned among 'the lost sheep of Israel', calling them to repentance, because he felt that the coming of God's Kingdom was being held back by Israel's sin's. Pharisee writings often stress that God's promises to Israel are not automatically fulfilled; they depend on Israel's worthiness and co-operation ... " 28.[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"…Jesus' mission as a prophet was exclusively directed towards the Jєωs, not towards the Gentiles. The idea that Jesus rejected the Jєωs and transferred the Old Testament 'promises' to the Gentiles was a later invention of the Gentile-Christian Church…" 29.[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"… Some believed that the Messiah would inaugurate a new era for the whole world; that the nations of the world would acknowledge the One God and his Temple in Jerusalem; that the Jєωs would be revered as the chosen priests of the One God; and that an era of world peace would begin when, in the words of Isaiah's wonderful internationalist vision, the swords would be beaten into plowshares and the wolf would lie down with lamb. Some, however, did not believe that the coming of the Messiah would necessarily bring about an era of international peace. There might be many Messiahs - many more sorrows and comfortings, defeats and victories - for the Jєωιѕн people before that happened. After all, there had been Messiahs before and none had brought everlasting peace. The vision of Isaiah was acknowledged by every Pharisee, as the word of God but it was not necessarily attached to the expectation of the coming Messiah who would defeat the Romans." 30.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]In The Traditions of the Jєωs, from the тαℓмυd (treatises Baba Bathra folio 74b, Pesachim folio 32, Bekhoroth folio 57 and Massektoth Ta'anith folio 31), J.P Stehaln presents a glorious scenario of the Messianic era - without Jesus Christ as the Messiah:[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"… when the Messianic era arrives. After the return of the Jєωs from all nations and parts of the world… the Messiah, we are told in the тαℓмυd, will entertain them at a gorgeous banquet, where they will be seated at tables and regaled with wine from Adam's wine-cellar. The first course is to consist of a roasted ox named Behemoth, so immense that every day it eats up the grass upon a thousand hills; the second of a monstrous fish Leviathan; the third of a female Leviathan boiled and pickled; the fourth of a gigantic roast fowl known as Barjuchne, of which the egg alone was so enormous that when it fell out of the nest it crushed three hundred tall cedars and the white overflowed threescore villages. This course is to be followed up by "the most splendid and pompous Dessert," that can be procured, including fruit from the Tree of Life and "the Pomegranates of Eden which are preserved for the Just."[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"At the end of the banquet "God will entertain the company at a ball"; He Himself will sit in the midst of them, and everyone will point Him out with his finger, saying: "Behold, this is our God: we have waited for Him, we will be glad and rejoice in His salvation." 31.[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God." Rom. 3:23[/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]From "The Differences between Judaism and Christianity, we can see the great partition between Jєωιѕн and Christian thought on sin.[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"Judaism does not accept the notion of original sin, the idea that people are bad from birth and cannot remove sin by themselves but need an act of grace provided by the sacrificial death of Jesus as atonement for all of humanity's sins. For Christians, there are no other forms of salvation other than through Jesus." 32.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]Dr. Epstein goes on to explain Jєωιѕн views on sin and atonement: the sinner must seek forgiveness from God through human works.[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"He [Jesus] also did not absorb the sins of people. For Jєωs, sins are removed not by Jesus' atonement but by seeking forgiveness. Jєωs seek forgiveness from God for sins against God and from other people (not just God) for sins against those people. Seeking forgiveness requires a sincere sense of repenting but also seeking directly to redress the wrong done to someone. Sins are partially removed through prayer which replaced animal sacrifice as a way of relieving sins. They are also removed by correcting errors against others. " 33.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]Hyam Maccoby explains the Jєωs' complete denial that salvation is a spiritual issue, requiring a sacrifice for sin:[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"... There was no concept of a Suffering Messiah who would die on the cross to purge mankind of sin…. To the Jєωs salvation was a physical not a purely spiritual concept. The Messianic age, to the Jєωs, was to be the culmination of human history on earth. 34.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]Maccoby also believes that it is possible for man to approach God in a sinless condition:[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"…The belief in the efficacy of prayer was very strong among the Pharisees…. Only the most concerted beam of concentration, directed from Gethsemane to God, could obliterate the traces of the sins of Israel, and bring about the hour of redemption. Jesus alone was not sufficient…This explains why Jesus narrowed down his company to the Twelve on that night. He wanted the company of those on whom he could most rely, for the power of sinless prayer would be far more important than the strength of mere number." 35.[/font][/size]

[size=+0]The writings of Dr. Epstein present the Jєωs' hyper-spiritualized and non-threatening views of afterlife:[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"...Traditionalists gave the name Gehenna to the place where souls were punished. Many Jєωιѕн thinkers noted that since, essentially, God is filled with mercy and love, punishment is not to be considered to be eternal. There are, similarly, many varying conceptions of paradise, such as that paradise is the place where we finally understand the true concept of God. It is also possible that there is no separate Heaven and Hell, only lesser or greater distance from God after death. In addition, punishment might be self-determined on the basis of suffering in kind the suffering the person brought about. That is, Judaism doesn't have a clear sense of Heaven and Hell, with different places in Hell for different punishments. Rather, the idea is that God uses the afterlife to provide ultimate justice and for the wicked to seek some sort of final redemption." 36.[/font][/size]

[size=0]We note that [/size][size=+0][size=+0]Scripture states:[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord. Rom. 6:20-23[/font][/size]

[size=+0]And as it is appointed unto man once to die, but after this the judgment. Hebrews 9:27[/font][/size]

[size=+0]Dr. Epstein expounds the Jєωιѕн doctrine of "oneness" as opposed to the Christian doctrine of the "Trinity", or three Persons in the Godhead:[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"Judaism insists on a notion of monotheism, the idea that there is one God. As Judaism understands this idea, God cannot be made up of parts, even if those parts are mysteriously united. The Christian notion of trinitarianism is that God is made up of God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. Such a view, even if called monotheistic because the three parts are, by divine mystery, only one God, is incompatible with the Jєωιѕн view that such a division is not possible. The Jєωιѕн revolutionary idea is that God is one. This idea allows for God's unity and uniqueness as a creative force. Thus, for Jєωs, God is the creator of all that we like and all that we don't. There is no evil force with an ability to create equal to God's. Judaism sees Christianity's trinitarianism as a weakening of the idea of God's oneness." 37.[/font][/size]

[size=+0]A teacher of the Hebrew Roots of Christianity, Peter Michas of Messengers of Messiah, asserted this very belief in the "oneness" doctrine": Yet the minute I saw the Hebrew thinking of the oneness and the rest of it, it was never unclear to me again." 38.[/font][/size]
[size=+0][size=+0]In his book, [/size][/font][/size][size=+0]The Rod of an Almond Tree in God's Master Plan[/font][/size][/color][size=+0][size=+0], Peter. Michas expands upon his acceptance of the Hebrew viewpoint of God and the Trinity.[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"The unity of Yeshua HaMashiach with God the Father and the Holy Spirit has never been clearly understood from the doctrine of the Trinity..." 39.[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"To understand the true relationship of God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit, it is essential to preserve the concept of oneness..." 40.
[size=+0]"The aspect of the Father may be simply understood as the Will of God. The aspect of the Son may be understood as the Word of God. The aspect of the Spirit of the Holy One may be understood as the Power of God..." 41.[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"To say God is three 'persons' opens the door to misunderstanding God. God is Spirit and cannot be reduced to the concept of a person..." 42.[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"The Spirit of the Holy One is the very essence of the power of God the Father and not some separate entity." 43.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]Note that Peter Michas refers to the Godhead as three "aspects" and the Holy Spirit as an "essence" rather than a Person. [/size][/font][/size]
[size=+0]The only place one finds a trinitarian concept of the godhead in Judaism is in the Kabbalah, the book of Jєωιѕн occultism[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"M. Vulliaud quotes Isaac Meyer's assertion that, "the triad, of the ancient Cabala is Kether, the Father; Binah, the Holy Spirit or the Mother; and Hochmah, the Word or the Son." But in order to avoid the sequence of the Christian Trinity this arrangement has been altered in the modern Cabala of Luria and Moses of Cordovero, etc." 44.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]The Jєωιѕн Encyclopœdia makes clear that the Cabalistic trinity is not to be confused with Christianity.[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"... The Jєωιѕн Encyclopœdia…goes on to say that what appears to be Christian in the Cabala is only esoteric doctrine." 45.[/font][/size]

[size=+0]Jєωιѕн people characterise Christians in terms very different from what they would expect.[/font][/size]
[size=+0]Avi ben Mordechai states that Jєωs are specifically are prostelyze:[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"… He said to go out into all the world (as you go) and make talmidim of all the goyim. …we are His talmidim or students of His Oral Traditions which is the proper definition of the term 'Gospel.' We are to follow His Mishnah and Gemara, i.e., His тαℓмυd, and take it to the goyim, teaching them to observe all that He commanded us!…" 46.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]Isn't this precisely the ministry of Peter Michas, Jacob Prasch and other Hebraic Roots teachers: taking the тαℓмυd to the goyim. The term "goyim" which Mr. Mordechai uses needs to be understood in its historical context. Citing information from the Kabbalistic book, the Zohar, a part of the Jєωιѕн mysticism which Avi ben Mordechai teaches, we note:[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"… the Chosen People…forms the basis of all тαℓмυdic and Cabalistic writings. …According to the Zohar, 'All Israelites will have a part in the future world,' and on arrival there will not be handed over like the goyim (or non-Jєωιѕн races) to the hands of the angel Douma and sent down to Hell.5[size=+0]. Indeed the goyim are even denied human attributes." 47.[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]According to The Emek ha Melek, the work of the Cabalist Naphtali, a disciple of Luria, the goyim are of the devil:[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"…Thus the Zohar again explains that the words of the Scripture 'Jehovah Elohim made man', mean that He made Israel. 6. The seventeenth-century Rabbinical treatise Emek ha Melek observes: 'Our Rabbis of blessed memory have said: 'Ye Jєωs are men because of the soul ye have from the Supreme Man (i.e, God). But the nations of the world are not styled men because they have not, from the Holy and Supreme Man, the Neschama (or glorious soul) but they have the Nephesch (soul) from Adam Belial, that is the malicious and unnecessary man, called Sammael, the Supreme Devil.'" 48.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]Another way of saying or spelling goyim, is "Goi". Rev. I. B. Pranaitis, in his online work, The тαℓмυd Unmasked, notes that this term has been removed from recent editions:[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"Goi- Race, or people. The Jєωs also call a man a Goi - a gentile; they call a gentile woman a Goiah. ... It is mostly applied to non-Jєωs, or idolators. In Jєωιѕн books which treat of Idolatry, worshippers of idols are often called by this single word Goi. For this reason, in more recent editions of the тαℓмυd the use of the word Goi is purposely avoided and other words for non-Jєωs are substituted.
[size=+0]It is well known that in the Jєωιѕн language, the Jєωs call Christians among whom they live, Goim. Nor do the Jєωs deny this.[/size]
[size=+0]Sometimes in their popular magazines they say that this word means nothing harmful or evil. But the contrary can be seen in their books written in the Hebrew language. For instance, in Choschen Hammischpat (34, 22), the name Goi is used in a depraved sense:[/size]
[size=+0]"Traitors and Epicureans and Apostates are worse than Goim"49.[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]Indeed the whole idea of gentiles or "goyim" studying the Jєωιѕн oral law as suggested by Jacob Prasch, Peter Michas, Avi ben Mordechai and others, is in direct disobedience to the proclamations in the тαℓмυd. Even a Christian who is found studying the Law of Israel merits death. Sanhedrin (59a) states:[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"Rabbi Jochanan says: A Goi who pries into the Law is guilty to death. "Even a Christian who is found studying the Law of Israel merits death."[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]It is also perplexing that the leaders of the Hebrew Roots movement would direct our studies to the teachings of the sages in the тαℓмυd, Mishna and Midrash, when these same sages have been teaching the Jєωιѕн people to destroy the writings of the Christians including the New Testament.[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"Shabbath 116a. Jєωs must destroy the books of the Christians, i.e. the New Testament."[/font][/size]

[size=+0]The organization, Jєωs for Judaism, "the Worlds foremost countermissionary organization", intimates that the Jєωs are not fooled by Christians who assume a Jєωιѕн image to proselytize them. Even Jєωs recognize the great divide between Judaism and Christianity.[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"… Though Hebrew Christianity claims to be a form of Judaism, it is not… It deceptively uses the sacred symbols of Jєωιѕн observance (i.e. community Passover seders, menorahs, messianic services, etc.) as a cover to convert Jєωs to Christianity, a belief system antithetical to Judaism… Hebrew Christianity is not a form of Judaism and its members, even if they are of Jєωιѕн birth, cannot be considered members of the Jєωιѕн community. Hebrew Christians are in radical conflict with the communal interests and the destiny of the Jєωιѕн people. They have crossed an unbreachable chasm by accepting another religion. …"[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"… practice of any other religious tradition has been understood to lead to the loss of rights to full participation in the Jєωιѕн community…Our history has clearly shown that when confronted with a group of Jєωs which has adopted another faith and seeks to convert others, we must stand firm in asserting that this other faith is not Judaism and that its adherents have forfeited their privileges as Jєωs. Jєωιѕн tradition believes that the opportunity to return to participation in the Jєωιѕн community is always open. When this occurs, all privileges are restored." 50.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]This repudiation of those who apostatize from Judaism is stronger in the тαℓмυd teachings of the Oral Law of the sages. Hilkhoth Akum (X, 2) states that defectors must be killed.[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"These things [supra] are intended for idolaters. But Israelites also, who lapse from their religion and become epicureans, are to be killed, and we must persecute them to the end. For they afflict Israel and turn the people from God." 51.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]Christians or converted Jєωs who affect a Jєωιѕн demeanor or compromise Christian doctrine to appeal to the Jєωιѕн mindset are surrendering the priceless pearl of Jesus Christ who alone leads to salvation. The ecuмenical approach does not lead Jєωs to Jesus Christ, but patronizes their religion of dead works, and results in the Christian's acceptance of religion on Jєωιѕн terms.[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"Stand fast therefore in the liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free, and be not entangled again with the yoke of bondage. Behold, I Paul, say unto you, that if ye be circuмcised, Christ shall profit you nothing. For I testify again to every man that is circuмcised, that he is a debtor to do the whole law. Christ is become of no effect unto you, whosoever of you are justified by the law; ye are fallen from grace. For we through the Spirit wait for the hope of righteousness by faith. For in Jesus Christ neither circuмcision availeth any thing, nor uncircuмcision; but faith which worketh by love. Ye did run well; who did hinder you that ye should not obey the truth? This persuasion cometh not of him that calleth you." Gal. 5:1-8[/font][/size]

[size=+0]Contemporary Jєωιѕн thought reflects the same aversion to Jesus Christ as historical Judaism:[/font][/size]

[size=+0]"Jєωs vary about what they think of Jesus as a man. Some respect him as an ethical teacher who accepted Jєωιѕн law, as someone who didn't even see himself as the messiah, who didn't want to start a new religion at all. Rather, Jesus is seen by these Jєωs as someone who challenged the religious authorities of his day for their practices. In this view, he meant to improve Judaism according to his own understanding not to break with it." 52.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]Hyam Maccoby sums up Jєωιѕн thought regarding Jesus as this:[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"With the composition of the Gospels, then, a fictitious Jesus was created, suitable for the needs of the Hellenistic Gentile-Christian Church. The Prophet King, human and Jєωιѕн, who was revered but not worshiped by the Jєωιѕн-Christian Church was turned into a Divine Sacrifice. Jesus, who was, in reality, an apocalyptic Pharisee rabbi who claimed the titles of Prophet and King, was turned into a pagan god." 53.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]Dr. Epstein concludes:[/size][/font][/size]

[size=+0]"Whatever the Jєωιѕн response is, one point is crucial. No one who is Jєωιѕн, no born Jєω and no one who converts to Judaism, can believe in Jesus as the literal son of God or as the messiah. For the Jєωιѕн people, there is no God but God." 54.[/font][/size]

[size=+0][size=+0]We could elaborate further on the Jєωιѕн thought regarding the New Testament, the writings of Paul, who was viewed as a heretic, and the disciples. We could expand the idea that many Jєωs believe that James and Peter were Pharisaic Rabbis, who believed in the Jєωιѕн idea of the Messiah-- that Jesus was not divine.[/size][/font][/size]
[size=+0]We could expand upon the Jєωιѕн theory that James, believed to have been the head of the Nazarene movement, was not in any way in conflict with the teachings of the Pharisees, but was devout in promoting them. We could expand on the Jєωιѕн idea that Paul, not Jesus, is viewed as the originator of Christianity, of the Jєωιѕн notion that Jesus'  divinity derived from Greek paganism. We could, but one only has to go to Jєωιѕн websites and see that their beliefs are diametrically opposed to Christianity. Sadly, we would also see the denial of the virgin birth and condemnation of all things Christian. The Jєωs are devout in their convictions.[/font][/size]
[size=+0]If Jєωιѕн sources reject the very concept of a divine Messiah, how are Christians to learn the 'true meaning' of Scripture from them, without repudiating the doctrines of Jesus Christ, salvation, sin and the entire New Testament? It is impossible. While the Hebrew or messianic movements urge us to embrace "our foundational Hebrew roots", Scripture tells us that our foundation is none other than Jesus Christ:[/font][/size]
  

1.    Jєωιѕн Encyclopædia, article on Jesus; as Cited in: Nesta H. Webster," Secret Societies and Subversive Movements", p. 20; Omni Publications, 1964 
2.    Rev. I. B. Pranaitis; The тαℓмυd Unmasked: The Secret Rabbinical Teachings Concerning Christians; The тαℓмυd; Part One, ch.1, Jesus Christ in the тαℓмυd; holywar.org/txt/тαℓмυd_unmasked.html   
3.    Ibid. 
4.    Ibid. 
5.    cf. Baring-Gould, op.cit., quoting тαℓмυd, treatise Sabbath, folio 104, (S. Baring-Gould, The Counter Gospels, 1874); 5. Ibid., p.55, quoting тαℓмυd, treatise Sanhedrim, folio 107, and Sota, folio 47; Eliphas Levi, La Science des Esprits, pp.32,33. As Cited in Nesta H. Webster, op.cit., p..20 
6.    Rev. I. B. Pranaitis; op.cit. Part One, Ch. 1, Jesus Christ in the тαℓмυd 
7.    Andrew Gould, "SOME DISTURBING ASPECTS OF THE SO-CALLED "HEBREW ROOTS' MOVEMENT, AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS, 1998 
8.    Ibid. 
9.    Rene Guenon, Le Theosophisme, (1921) p.193, quoting Le Lotus for December, 1887; as Cited in: Nesta H. Webster, op.cit.,p.299. 
10.    Elipha Levi, La Science des Esprits, p. 40; as Cited in: Nesta H. Webster, Ibid., p.20. 
11.    The book was translated in Latin by Raymond Martin; German by Luther under the name Schem Hamphorasch; French by Gustave Brunet, Evangiles Apocryphes; as Cited in: Nesta H. Webster, Ibid., p.21. 
12.    2. Graetz, Geschichte der Juden, III. 216-52 as Cited in: Nesta H. Webster, Ibid., p. 23 
13.    Nesta H. Webster, Ibid., p.20 
14.    Ibid., p.22. 
15.    Joseph Barclay, The тαℓмυd, pp.38,39; cf Drach , op.cit I. 167 as Cited Webster, Ibid. p. 18-19. 
16.    Dr. Lawrence J. Epstein; "The Differences between Judaism and Christianity"; The Conversion to Judaism Home page: http://www.convert.org/differ.htm 
17.    Jєωs for Judaism, http://www.Jєωsforjudaism.org/javasite/webdocs/messianicjudaism.html 
18.    Hyam Maccoby; "Revolution in Judaea: Jesus and the Jєωιѕн Resistance"; p. 100; Ocean Books; 1973 
19.    Ibid., p.101-102. 
20.    Ibid.,p.106. 
21.    Ibid.,p. 128. 
22.    Jєωs for Judaism, http://www.Jєωsforjudaism 
23.    Hyam Maccoby, op. cit., p.100. 
24.    Jєωιѕн Guardian for January 25,1924; as Cited in: Nesta H. Webster, op.cit.,p. 375. 
25.    Dr. Lawrence J. Epstein, op.cit., http://www.convert.org/differ.htm 
26.    Maccoby, Ibid. , acknowledgements. 
27.    Ibid., p. 147-148 
28.    Ibid., p. 194 
29.    Ibid., p. 149 
30.    Ibid., p. 102-103 
31.    J.P Stehaln, The Traditions of the Jєωs, II.215-20, quoting from the тαℓмυd treatises Baba Bathra folio 74b, Pesachim folio 32, Bekhoroth folio 57, Massektoth Ta'anith folio 31. The Zohar also refers to the female Leviathan (section Bô, de Pauly's trans., III.167) Drach shows that amongst the delights promised by the тαℓмυd after the return to Palestine will be the permission to eat pork and bacon. --De l'Harmonie entre l'Eglise et la ѕуηαgσgυє, I. 265, 276, quoting treatise Hullin, folio 17, 82. As Cited in, Pg. 372, "Secret Societies and Subversive Movements" by Nesta H. Webster; Omni Publications, Eighth edition, 1964.] 
32.    Dr. Lawrence J. Epstein, op.cit., http://www.convert.org/differ.htm 
33.    Ibid. 
34.    Maccoby, op. cit., p. 105. 
35.    Maccoby, Ibid., p. 194-195 
36.    Dr. Lawrence J. Epstein, op.cit., http://www.convert.org/differ.htm 
37.    Ibid. 
38.    Peter Michas; Ha-Talmidim Trinity Discussion; also see Rod of the Almond Tree. 
39.    Peter Michas, THE ROD OF AN ALMOND TREE IN GOD'S MASTER PLAN, WinePress Publishing, (Mukilteo, WA 98275) Chapter 14. p. 255-56. 
40.    Ibid. p. 256. 
41.    Ibid. p.257. 
42.    Ibid. p.257. 
43.    Ibid. p.257. 
44.    Paul Vulliaud, La Kabbale Juive: histoire et doctrine, Vol. II. p. 411, as cited in Nesta H. Webster, op.cit., p.15. 
45.    Jєωιѕн Encyclopœdia, article on Cabala, p.478; Cited in: Webster, Ibid. p. 15. 
46.    Avi ben Mordechai, Halacha, www.millenium7000.com/halacha.htm 
47.    Zohar, treatise Toldoth Noah, folio 59b, (De Pauly trans., I, 347; 5. Zohar, treatise Lekh-Lekha, folio 94a (De Pauly trans., I, 535); as Cited in: Nesta H. Webster, op.cit.,p.13. 
48.    Zohar, treatise Bereschith, folio 25a (De Pauly trans. I, 161); 7. The Emek ha Melek is the work of the Cabalist Naphtali, a disciple of Luria; as Cited in Ibid.,p.13 
49.    Rev. I. B. Pranaitis; The тαℓмυd Unmasked; holywar.org/txt/тαℓмυd_unmasked.html 
50.    Jєωs for Judaism, www.Jєωsforjudaism.org/javasite/webdocs/chalenge.html 
51.    Pranaitis, op.cit. 
52.    Dr. Lawrence J. Epstein, op.cit., http://www.convert.org/differ.htm 
53.    Maccoby, op. cit., p. 246. 
54.    Dr. Lawrence J. Epstein, op.cit, http://www.convert.org/differ.htm <