A pope can exercise the Magisterium in a talk in St. Peters, he can speak infallibly in an Encyclical,
Of course he can. If he makes it clear he is doing so, and uses proper language.and an official Promulagtion by a Pope of a General Council makes it infallible.
No. Just as above, outside of solemn infallible declarations (which previous councils had), if the pope is to exercise his 'ordinary and universal' (or Authentic) magisterium, he must 1) make it clear he is speaking authoritatively, 2) that it is binding, 3) it is a matter of faith. He doesn't have to use the solemn language of "we declare, pronounce and define" but he does have to make it clear that it is binding.
If he does NOT make it clear that it is binding, it could still be infallible, but it would be so ONLY because it agreed with "what has always been taught".
The pope at V2 did not use his authority to bind anyone to anything. BINDING IS A NECESSITY because the pope must put the faithful on alert that they MUST believe this teaching.
An infallible teaching must bind the faithful; if it is not binding, then it's not infallible. You cannot have one without the other.Even though V2 discussed doctrine/faith/morals, it did not do so with a 'certainty of faith' which is the binding factor. Ergo, no catholic is bound to accept it's docuмents under pain of sin. Ergo, they aren't infallible.