THE FORENSIC AUDIT OF THE 1968 RITE
A Monograph on the Ontological Nullity of the New Priesthood
This docuмent is a forensic audit of the 1968 Rite of Ordination. It utilizes the strictly logical application of Magisterial premises and Aristotelian-Thomistic philosophy to demonstrate the theological consequences of the changes made to the sacramental form.
I. THE MAGISTERIAL PREMISES (THE ONTOLOGICAL LAW)The logic of this audit rests upon three foundational principles regarding the nature, power, and form of the Sacraments. These premises establish the boundaries within which a rite must operate to be considered an instrumental cause of grace.
1. The Limitation of Ecclesiastical Power over SubstanceThe Church possesses jurisdiction over her disciplinary laws, but she is the servant, not the master, of the Sacramental signs.
The Premise: "The Church has no power over the substance of the Sacraments, that is, over those things which, as is proved from the sources of divine revelation, Christ the Lord himself established to be kept in the sacramental sign."
— Pope Pius XII, Sacramentum Ordinis, §1
2. The Necessity of SignificationA Sacrament is an efficient sign; it must explicitly point to the specific supernatural reality it intends to create. Validity is binary: the sign either signifies the power, or it does not.
The Premise: "All know that the Sacraments of the New Law, as sensible and efficient signs of invisible grace, must signify the grace which they effect, and effect the grace which they signify."
— Pope Leo XIII, Apostolicae Curae, §24
3. The Law of Specific PetitionThe efficacy of a Sacramental Form operates according to the divine economy established by Christ:
"Ask, and it shall be given you" (Matt 7:7).
- The Premise: A Sacrament is a specific prayer of the Church to which God has attached a specific promise. The Church must explicitly request the grace she intends to receive. This aligns with St. Thomas Aquinas’s teaching that the sacramental words must have a determinate signification to specify the effect (Summa Theologiae III, q. 60, a. 6).
- The Forensic Consequence: If the Church, in her official public prayer (the Form), deletes the specific petition for the power of Sacrifice, she forfeits the right to receive that specific power. Where there is no specific "Ask," there is no specific "Receive."
II. THE PHILOSOPHICAL DISTINCTION: SUBSTANCE VS. NATURETo evaluate the 1968 Rite (
Pontificale Romanum), one must distinguish between the ontological reality of the Sacrament and the legal rank of the office.
- Substance (Sacerdotium): The binary ontological reality. It is the power to offer the Propitiatory Sacrifice (Potestas in corpus Christi verum). It is the "Being" of the Priest.
- Nature (Presbyteratus): The grade or rank in the Church hierarchy. This is the Valorem—the legal dignity or standing of the office (Diaconate, Presbyterate, Episcopacy). It is the "Role" of the Priest.
The Ontological Law: If a Form is altered to signify only the
Nature (the Rank/Valorem) while removing the signification of the
Substance (the Sacrificial Power), the Sacrament fails to effect the Character.
III. THE SEMANTIC FRAUD: VALIDITATEM VS. VALOREMThe "Long Con" orchestrated by the Curial architects relied on the systematic confounding of these terms in the vernacular translations of
Sacramentum Ordinis (1947). While the Latin text promulgated by Pius XII was precise, the vernacular translations prepared by the Curia often obscured the distinction between
valorem and
validitatem to pave the way for the 1968 revision.
1. The Definitions in the Order of Reality- Validitatem (Validity): The binary "Yes/No" of the Order of Being. Either the character is imprinted, or it is not. This requires the Integral Petition of the Form to signify the Substance.
- Valorem (Rank): The specific grade in the Church hierarchy. It describes the Nature of the office.
2. The Forensic Evidence in Sacramentum Ordinis (SO)A textual audit reveals a shift in terminology between Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5 of Pius XII's decree.
- The Usage of Validitatem (Paragraph 4):
When Pius XII discusses the traditio instrumentorum (the handing of instruments)—a rite which had been the subject of doubt regarding the validity of the sacrament—he explicitly uses the term validitatem. He declares that this rite is not necessary for validity.
"...statuit instrumentorum traditionem saltem in posterum non esse necessariam ad Sacrorum Diaconatus, Presbyteratus et Episcopatus Ordinum validitatem."
(Translation: "...established that the tradition of the instruments at least for the future is not necessary for the validity of the Sacred Orders of Diaconate, Presbyterate, and Episcopacy.") - The Usage of Valorem (Paragraph 5):
Immediately following this, when he proceeds to define the specific "essential words" required for each Order, he switches terms. He does not state these words are required for validitatem, but for valorem.
"...quorum haec sunt essentialia ideoque ad valorem requisita..."
(Translation: "...of which these are essential and therefore required for the Rank [Valorem]...")
Forensic Conclusion: The docuмent establishes a dichotomy. The integrity of the Sacrament itself is a question of
validitatem (§4). The specific essential words determined by the Church are a requirement for
valorem (§5).
3. The Internal Concordance (Proof of Usage)The text of
Sacramentum Ordinis consistently distinguishes between the immutable laws of Christ (
validitatem) and the mutable regulations of the Church (
valorem).
- The Usage in Section 3:
In Paragraph 3, Pius XII contrasts the traditio instrumentorum. He states that it is not required for validity (validitatem) by the will of Christ. However, he admits it may have been required for value/legality (valorem) by the will of the Church.
"...traditionem instrumentorum non ex ipsius Domini Nostri Iesu Christi voluntate ad substantiam et ad validitatem huius Sacramenti requiri." (Immutable)
"Quod si ex Ecclesiae voluntate et praescripto eadem aliquando fuerit necessaria ad valorem quoque..." (Mutable)
Forensic Conclusion: Pius XII defines valorem as that which exists "ex Ecclesiae voluntate" (by the will of the Church) and is subject to change. He defines validitatem as that which exists "ex Domini Nostri Iesu Christi voluntate" and pertains to the substantiam. - The Return to Substance (Section 6):
When speaking of the physical Matter (the laying on of hands)—which belongs to the immutable Substance—he reverts to the root for validity.
"...ad Sacramentum valide conficiendum sufficiat."
4. The Terminology of 1968In
Pontificalis Romani (1968), Paul VI decreed the modification of the "essential words." The decree states that these words pertain to the
"nature of the thing" (Rank/Nature).
- The Avoidance of Validitatem:
Paul VI does not use the noun validitatem in his definition. He employs the subjunctive phrase ut actus valeat ("so that the act may have value/force").
"...haec ad naturam rei pertinent, atque adeo ut actus valeat exiguntur..."
(Translation: "...these pertain to the nature of the thing, and are thus required so that the act may have value [valeat]...")
Forensic Conclusion: The 1968 text operates within the sphere of defining the
Nature (
naturam rei) of the ecclesiastical office, using language consistent with
valorem (ecclesiastical legality) rather than
validitatem (ontological validity).
IV. THE DELETION OF THE SACERDOTAL POWER (THE VOID)The objective proof of the nullity lies in the systematic removal of the specific signification of the Priest's identity as the offerer of the Holy Sacrifice. We apply the legal maxim:
Expressio unius est exclusio alterius (The express mention of one thing is the exclusion of another).
1. The Critical Distinction: Two Sources for Two EffectsTo understand the defect, we must analyze the structure of the Traditional Form (the Preface). It acknowledges two different sources for two different effects:
- Petition A: The Transfusion (Source: The Lineage/Apostolic Succession):
"Sic et in Eleazarum... paternae plenitudinis abundantiam transfudisti... ut ad hostias salutares..."
("Thus also into Eleazar [the soul of the son]... you transfused the abundance of the paternal fullness... so that [they suffice] for the offering of Saving Victims...")
This clause corresponds to the Character. The "Mystical Blood" (Power) is passed from the Bishop (Aaron) to the Priest (Son) via the Lineage. The purpose of this transfusion is explicitly defined: to offer the Saving Victims. - Petition B: The Renewal (Source: The Holy Spirit):
"Innova in visceribus eorum spiritum sanctitatis..."
("Renew in their vitals the Spirit of Holiness...")
This clause corresponds to the Grace. It petitions the Holy Spirit for holiness so that the man may be worthy of the office.
2. The 1968 Mutilation: The Substitution of Generic MinistryThe "Essential Words," which were first isolated by Pius XII in
Sacramentum Ordinis (1947) and reiterated by Paul VI in
Pontificalis Romani (1968), are located within
Petition B (The Holy Spirit/Grace). However, the validity of the Priesthood depends on the
Transfusion of the Lineage found in
Petition A.
The Consilium performed a lethal surgery on Petition A:
- The Act: They retained the transfudisti (transfusion into the soul).
- The Object/Effect: They deleted the reference to the offering of the Saving Victims (Hostias Salutares).
- The Replacement: They substituted the clause ut ad ministerium sacerdotale sufficeret secundum meritum sacerdotum ("so that the priestly ministry might be sufficient according to the merit of the priests").
The Forensic Result:The New Rite asks God to transfuse the fullness of the priesthood...
to effect what?- Old Rite: Transfused to effect the Power to offer Saving Victims. (The Supernatural Reality).
- New Rite: Transfused to effect a meritorious ministry of the priests. (A Subjective Quality).
By replacing
Hostias with a generic description of "meritorious ministry," the Consilium effectively stripped the "Transfusion" of its defining power. It petitions the Lineage for "Merit," which is a redundancy, as Merit is the domain of Grace.
3. The Magisterial Precedent (Apostolicae Curae)This specific method of deletion—removing the explicit mention of the sacrifice while retaining the outer shell of the prayer—was already condemned by Pope Leo XIII as a mark of invalidity in the Anglican Rite.
The Precedent: "...not only is there no clear mention of the sacrifice, of consecration, of the priesthood (sacerdotium), and of the power of consecrating and offering sacrifice but, as we have just stated, every trace of these things which had been in such prayers of the Catholic rite as they had not entirely rejected, was deliberately removed and struck out."
— Pope Leo XIII, Apostolicae Curae, §30
By surgically removing the reference to the
offering of Saving Victims, the Consilium replicated the Anglican defect. They removed the "trace" of the Sacrifice from the very clause intended to transmit the Priesthood, replacing the precise, unique ministry of the Roman Catholic Priest with vague words that signify nothing unique.
4. The Theological ConsequenceSt. Thomas Aquinas teaches that the Character is not a grace, but a
Power (
Potestas), and that the Priestly Character is specifically directed to the act of consecrating the Body and Blood of Christ (
Summa Theologica, Suppl. q. 37, a. 5).
- The "Spirit of Holiness" signifies Grace (Sanctity/Merit) from the Holy Spirit.
- The transfusion that is given for the offering of saving victims signifies the Character/Power from the Apostolic Lineage.
Because the 1968 Rite identifies the "Essential Words" with the request for Grace (Petition B), while simultaneously modifying the "Transfusion" (Petition A) to also refer to a "meritorious ministry" (Grace), it fails to signify the
Substance of the Sacrament anywhere in the Form. It effectively petitions for a "Holy Minister" (Grace + Ministry) but fails to petition for a "Sacrificing Priest" (Character + Victim).
V. THE FORENSIC SYLLOGISM- Major Premise (The Law of Signification): According to Apostolicae Curae (§24), a Sacramental Form must explicitly signify the specific Power (Character) it intends to effect. Signifying the Grace (Spiritum) alone is insufficient, as Grace is distinct from Character (ST III, q. 63, a. 2).
- Minor Premise (The Fact of Deletion): The 1968 Rite retains the verb for transmission (Transfudisti) but removed the reference to the offering of the Saving Victims (Hostias Salutares) and replaced it with a generic description of meritorious ministry (ministerium sacerdotale... secundum meritum).
- Observation (The Forensic Fact): "Meritorious Ministry" refers to the quality of the agent (Grace), not the specific power of the art (Character). By swapping Power for a generic description of Merit, the form asks for Grace twice and Power never.
- Conclusion: Therefore, the 1968 Form fails to effect the Sacramental Character. By the "Ontological Law" of the Magisterium, the rite is binary-null; it installs a man into a Nature (Rank) and gives him Grace (Holiness), but fails to communicate the Substance (The Power to Offer).
VI. FINAL SUMMARYThe 1968 "Presbyter" possesses the
Valorem (Legal Status/Rank) granted by an administrative structure, but possesses
nulla Validitatem (Zero Validity) in the Order of Being. The Apostolic Succession has been severed, leaving behind a legal shell—an institution that has the name of a Church but has lost the means to effect the Sacramental Character.
EXHIBIT B: THE FORENSIC EVIDENCE OF DELETIONA direct textual comparison of the operative prayers regarding the Typology of Aaron.| TRADITIONAL RITE (The Integral Form) | 1968 NEW RITE (The Abridged Form) | FORENSIC ANALYSIS |
LATIN: "Sic et in Eleazarum... paternae plenitudinis abundantiam transfudisti; ut ad hostias salutares... ministerium sufficeret Sacerdotum." | LATIN: "Sic et in Eleazarum... paternae plenitudinis abundantiam transfudisti, ut ad ministerium sacerdotale sufficeret secundum meritum sacerdotum." | THE SUBSTITUTION OF SUBSTANCE Both rites use the verb transfudisti ("you transfused") into the soul.
Old Rite: The transfusion that is given for the offering of Saving Victims (Hostias). (The Power). New Rite: The transfusion that is given for a meritorious ministry of the priests. (The Grace). |
THE PETITION FOR POWER: The "Transfusion" clause defines the Character by its relation to the Sacrifice. | THE PETITION FOR POWER: The "Transfusion" clause defines the Ministry by Merit. This renders it a redundant request for Grace. The specific Power (Sacrifice) is excluded. | THE SEVERED LINK Without the Hostias, the "Transfusion" transmits no specific power. It transmits an undefined ministry to be done "meritoriously." |
THE PETITION FOR GRACE: "Innova in visceribus eorum spiritum sanctitatis..."
This follows the definition of the Power. It asks for Grace to wield the Sacrificial Power just mentioned. | THE PETITION FOR GRACE: "Innova in visceribus eorum spiritum sanctitatis..."
This follows a definition of a meritorious ministry. It effectively asks for Grace to do a Job... that was just defined as doing a Job with Grace. | THE INSUFFICIENT FORM The Form is circular. It asks for holiness to do a holy job, but deletes the definition of the job itself. |