I have several family members that have formally left the Church. Meaning, they actually say they no longer believe. But there are also others who just quit going to Mass, say they are confused, and live their lives as if they never had any religion at all. Most are cradle Catholics, some are their spouses who had converted and then left with them (tragic, I know
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If the Grace is ever won for them from other family member’s prayers and sacrifices (and of course by Gods Mercy) what steps would they need to take to re-enter The Church? I remember being told years ago that an apostate needs to see a Bishop? How does that work and does the Crisis in the Church change this at all?
The first thing they will need to do is talk to a priest, most likely in the confessional - face to face is not really necessary but that depends on the priest as he may see a need to school them. Either way, even pre-V2, going to a priest is always the first step.
Whatever else their Apostasy is, it, (as well as heresy and schism) is first and foremost, to whatever degree, a mortal sin - hence the need for confession.