Yes. Sedevacantism is taught by all the Fathers of the Church, as St. Robert Bellarmine tells us. Fr. Cekada's pamphlet here cites numerous pre-Vatican 2 theologians in favor of sedevacantism.
Actually, it is recognize and resist that does not exist before Vatican 2.
Pope Paul IV taught R&R in 1559 in his Apostolic Constitution, cuм ex Apostolatus Officio...
1.In assessing Our duty and the situation now prevailing, We have been weighed upon by the thought
that a matter of this kind [i.e. error in respect of the Faith] is so grave and so dangerous that the Roman
Pontiff,who is the representative upon earth of God and our God and Lord Jesus Christ, who holds the
fulness of power over peoples and kingdoms,
who may judge all and be judged by none in this world,may nonetheless be contradicted if he be found to have deviated from the Faith.
This shows that he taught that not only is a heretical pope possible, he also told us what to do about it.