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Author Topic: R&R -- why don't you get behind Father Chazal's sede-impoundism?  (Read 41418 times)

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Offline Catholic Knight

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Re: R&R -- why don't you get behind Father Chazal's sede-impoundism?
« Reply #150 on: May 17, 2023, 11:07:40 AM »
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  • Fr Chazal's position could hold water, but then it's just an R&R thing anyway. I'd say yes to it, but to say the pope is pope, but not really pope, is not Catholic teaching.  Who cares anyway? We've always been subject to heretical authorities. The people can request removal of a heretic bishop, perhaps even the pope, but then, the pope is specifically not subject to deposition, especially when a huge majority accept him as pope. The one thing I know is that no group or person has a satisfactorily complete handle on any of this.  I tend to think the pope is the pope and I think he will be punished for all he's done, to include being declared an anti pope for his heresy.  Just not by the laity. We don't have to accept sin as Bergoglio permits or promotes, but must resist his attempts to dismantle the faith where and when we can, since he's still the pope (imho). We have to combat his garbage with charity while avoiding divisive rhetoric and dogmatic propositions about his state within the church because it isn't going to make him go away.  The best way to combat a guy like him is through prayer and sacrifice unless your position demands more.  The one thing I can't stand is when people demand you believe what they believe or they try to excommunicate you. 

    The question is:  do you hold that Jorge Bergoglio is a public manifest formal heretic?

    Offline Meg

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    Re: R&R -- why don't you get behind Father Chazal's sede-impoundism?
    « Reply #151 on: May 17, 2023, 12:35:06 PM »
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  • Fr Chazal's position could hold water, but then it's just an R&R thing anyway. I'd say yes to it, but to say the pope is pope, but not really pope, is not Catholic teaching.  Who cares anyway? We've always been subject to heretical authorities. The people can request removal of a heretic bishop, perhaps even the pope, but then, the pope is specifically not subject to deposition, especially when a huge majority accept him as pope. The one thing I know is that no group or person has a satisfactorily complete handle on any of this.  I tend to think the pope is the pope and I think he will be punished for all he's done, to include being declared an anti pope for his heresy.  Just not by the laity. We don't have to accept sin as Bergoglio permits or promotes, but must resist his attempts to dismantle the faith where and when we can, since he's still the pope (imho). We have to combat his garbage with charity while avoiding divisive rhetoric and dogmatic propositions about his state within the church because it isn't going to make him go away.  The best way to combat a guy like him is through prayer and sacrifice unless your position demands more.  The one thing I can't stand is when people demand you believe what they believe or they try to excommunicate you. 

    Well said; a good summary of the situation. Short, concise, and to the point. 
    "It is licit to resist a Sovereign Pontiff who is trying to destroy the Church. I say it is licit to resist him in not following his orders and in preventing the execution of his will. It is not licit to Judge him, to punish him, or to depose him, for these are acts proper to a superior."

    ~St. Robert Bellarmine
    De Romano Pontifice, Lib.II, c.29


    Offline Catholic Knight

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    Re: R&R -- why don't you get behind Father Chazal's sede-impoundism?
    « Reply #152 on: May 17, 2023, 12:45:35 PM »
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  • Well said; a good summary of the situation. Short, concise, and to the point.

    Meg, do you hold that Jorge Bergoglio is a public manifest formal heretic?

    Offline Meg

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    Re: R&R -- why don't you get behind Father Chazal's sede-impoundism?
    « Reply #153 on: May 17, 2023, 12:46:40 PM »
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  • Meg, do you hold that Jorge Bergoglio is a public manifest formal heretic?


    The Catholic Church does not require me to make that decision. 
    "It is licit to resist a Sovereign Pontiff who is trying to destroy the Church. I say it is licit to resist him in not following his orders and in preventing the execution of his will. It is not licit to Judge him, to punish him, or to depose him, for these are acts proper to a superior."

    ~St. Robert Bellarmine
    De Romano Pontifice, Lib.II, c.29

    Offline Catholic Knight

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    Re: R&R -- why don't you get behind Father Chazal's sede-impoundism?
    « Reply #154 on: May 17, 2023, 01:18:03 PM »
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  • The Catholic Church does not require me to make that decision.

    Moral theology does require you to make that decision.

    "The very act of submission to the pretended authority of an openly heretical enemy of the Catholic faith constitutes per se an objectively grave act not only of indiscreet obedience; but done in ignorance, constitutes an act of material schism as well. Thus, while the Recognize and Resist policy of Catholics towards the errant conciliar popes was morally justified from the time of the post-council up to the end of February 2013, when Pope Benedict went into what is increasingly seen to be a coerced retirement; it is no longer morally licit to adhere to it for so long as the heretical intruder (or another like him) remains in power, because it is morally wrong and schismatic to recognize and be subject to a manifestly formal heretic."

    Kramer, Paul. To deceive the elect: The catholic doctrine on the question of a heretical Pope . Kindle Edition.







    Offline Meg

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    Re: R&R -- why don't you get behind Father Chazal's sede-impoundism?
    « Reply #155 on: May 17, 2023, 01:19:18 PM »
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  • Moral theology does require you to make that decision.

    "The very act of submission to the pretended authority of an openly heretical enemy of the Catholic faith constitutes per se an objectively grave act not only of indiscreet obedience; but done in ignorance, constitutes an act of material schism as well. Thus, while the Recognize and Resist policy of Catholics towards the errant conciliar popes was morally justified from the time of the post-council up to the end of February 2013, when Pope Benedict went into what is increasingly seen to be a coerced retirement; it is no longer morally licit to adhere to it for so long as the heretical intruder (or another like him) remains in power, because it is morally wrong and schismatic to recognize and be subject to a manifestly formal heretic."

    Kramer, Paul. To deceive the elect: The catholic doctrine on the question of a heretical Pope . Kindle Edition.

    The Catholic Church does not require me to be obedient to your (Fr. Kramer) interpretation of theology. Sorry. That's just how it is. 
    "It is licit to resist a Sovereign Pontiff who is trying to destroy the Church. I say it is licit to resist him in not following his orders and in preventing the execution of his will. It is not licit to Judge him, to punish him, or to depose him, for these are acts proper to a superior."

    ~St. Robert Bellarmine
    De Romano Pontifice, Lib.II, c.29

    Offline Catholic Knight

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    Re: R&R -- why don't you get behind Father Chazal's sede-impoundism?
    « Reply #156 on: May 17, 2023, 01:28:28 PM »
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  • The Catholic Church does not require me to be obedient to your (Fr. Kramer) interpretation of theology. Sorry. That's just how it is.

    Meg, do you submit to Vatican II and the New Rite of Mass?

    Offline Meg

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    Re: R&R -- why don't you get behind Father Chazal's sede-impoundism?
    « Reply #157 on: May 17, 2023, 01:36:13 PM »
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  • Meg, do you submit to Vatican II and the New Rite of Mass?

    And what sort of made-up theology causes you to ask me that? So bizarre. You think that I should submit to the Church of Fr. Kramer? Nope, not gonna do it. 
    "It is licit to resist a Sovereign Pontiff who is trying to destroy the Church. I say it is licit to resist him in not following his orders and in preventing the execution of his will. It is not licit to Judge him, to punish him, or to depose him, for these are acts proper to a superior."

    ~St. Robert Bellarmine
    De Romano Pontifice, Lib.II, c.29


    Offline Catholic Knight

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    Re: R&R -- why don't you get behind Father Chazal's sede-impoundism?
    « Reply #158 on: May 17, 2023, 02:20:07 PM »
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  • And what sort of made-up theology causes you to ask me that? So bizarre. You think that I should submit to the Church of Fr. Kramer? Nope, not gonna do it.

    Meg, does the Catholic Church require you to make the decision to reject Vatican II and the New Mass? 

    Offline Meg

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    Re: R&R -- why don't you get behind Father Chazal's sede-impoundism?
    « Reply #159 on: May 17, 2023, 02:27:14 PM »
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  • Meg, does the Catholic Church require you to make the decision to reject Vatican II and the New Mass?

    Why do you ask?
    "It is licit to resist a Sovereign Pontiff who is trying to destroy the Church. I say it is licit to resist him in not following his orders and in preventing the execution of his will. It is not licit to Judge him, to punish him, or to depose him, for these are acts proper to a superior."

    ~St. Robert Bellarmine
    De Romano Pontifice, Lib.II, c.29

    Offline Angelus

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    Re: R&R -- why don't you get behind Father Chazal's sede-impoundism?
    « Reply #160 on: May 17, 2023, 02:59:10 PM »
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  • I. The Church's definition of heresy (1983 Code)

    Can. 750 §1. A person must believe with divine and Catholic faith all those things contained in the word of God, written or handed on, that is, in the one deposit of faith entrusted to the Church, and at the same time proposed as divinely revealed either by the solemn magisterium of the Church or by its ordinary and universal magisterium which is manifested by the common adherence of the Christian faithful under the leadership of the sacred magisterium; therefore all are bound to avoid any doctrines whatsoever contrary to them.

    §2. Each and every thing which is proposed definitively by the magisterium of the Church concerning the doctrine of faith and morals, that is, each and every thing which is required to safeguard reverently and to expound faithfully the same deposit of faith, is also to be firmly embraced and retained; therefore, one who rejects those propositions which are to be held definitively is opposed to the doctrine of the Catholic Church.
    Can. 751 Heresy is the obstinate denial or obstinate doubt after the reception of baptism of some truth which is to be believed by divine and Catholic faith; apostasy is the total repudiation of the Christian faith; schism is the refusal of submission to the Supreme Pontiff or of communion with the members of the Church subject to him.



    II. Our responsibilities as Catholics (1983 Code)

    Can. 212 §1. Conscious of their own responsibility, the Christian faithful are bound to follow with Christian obedience those things which the sacred pastors, inasmuch as they [the so-called pastors] represent Christ, declare as teachers of the faith or establish as rulers of the Church.

    §2. The Christian faithful are free to make known to the pastors of the Church their needs, especially spiritual ones, and their desires.
    §3. According to the knowledge, competence, and prestige which they possess, they have the right and even at times the duty to manifest to the sacred pastors their opinion on matters which pertain to the good of the Church and to make their opinion known to the rest of the Christian faithful, without prejudice to the integrity of faith and morals, with reverence toward their pastors, and attentive to common advantage and the dignity of persons.



    III. Automatic Loss of Office for Heresy (1983 Code)

    Can. 194 §1. The following are removed from an ecclesiastical office by the law itself:

    1/ a person who has lost the clerical state;
    2/ a person who has publicly defected from the Catholic faith or from the communion of the Church;
    3/ a cleric who has attempted marriage even if only civilly.
    §2. The removal mentioned in nn. 2 and 3 can be enforced only if it is established by the declaration of a competent authority.



    IV. Bellarmine's Fifth Opinion (De Romano Pontifice, Book II, Chapter 30)


    Now the fifth true opinion, is that a Pope who is a manifest heretic, ceases in himself to be Pope and head, just as he ceases in himself to be a Christian and member of the body of the Church: whereby, he can be judged and punished by the Church. This is the opinion of all the ancient Fathers, who teach that manifest heretics soon [mox — better translation: immediately] lose all jurisdiction, and namely St. Cyprian who speaks on Novation, who was a Pope in schism with Cornelius: “He cannot hold the Episcopacy, although he was a bishop first, he fell from the body of his fellow bishops and from the unity of the Church” [332]. There he means that Novation, even if he was a true and legitimate Pope; still would have fallen from the pontificate by himself, if he separated himself from the Church. The same is the opinion of the learned men of our age, as John Driedo teaches [333], those who are cast out as excommunicates, or leave on their own and oppose the Church are separated from it, namely heretics and schismatics. He adds in the same work [334], that no spiritual power remains in them, who have departed from the Church, over those who are in the Church. Melchior Cano teaches the same thing, when he says that heretics are not part of the Church, nor members [335], and he adds in the last Chapter, 12th argument, that someone cannot even be informed in thought, that he should be head and Pope, who is not a member nor a part, and he teaches the same thing in eloquent words, that secret heretics are still in the Church and are parts and members, and that a secretly heretical Pope is still Pope. Others teach the same, whom we cite in Book 1 of de Ecclesia. The foundation of this opinion is that a manifest heretic, is in no way a member of the Church; that is, neither in spirit nor in body, or by internal union nor external. For even wicked Catholics are united and are members, in spirit through faith and in body through the confession of faith, and the participation of the visible Sacraments. Secret heretics are united and are members, but only by an external union: just as on the other hand, good Catechumens are in the Church only by an internal union but not an external one. Manifest heretics by no union, as has been proved.


    So it would appear that what Catholic Knight is proposing is not just Fr. Paul Kramer's opinion. It is, in fact, the current law of the Catholic Church. And references to the same principles can be found in the 1917 Code (it was just easier to copy/paste from the 1983 Code).



    Offline Meg

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    Re: R&R -- why don't you get behind Father Chazal's sede-impoundism?
    « Reply #161 on: May 17, 2023, 03:37:58 PM »
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  • It is the interpretation of Fr. Kramer that the code of canon law pertains to the pope, and that the laity are required to believe that it involves the Pope, even when the Pope is not specifically mentioned, and that we are required to be sedevacantists by insisting that we are required to proclaim a heretical pope a manifest heretic. THAT is an interpretation. We are not required to agree with Kramer's interpretation. 

    We are also not required to agree with his (or your) interpretation of Ballarmine. Neither you, nor Fr. Kramer, are entitled to force the obedience of Catholics on this forum to your opinions.
    "It is licit to resist a Sovereign Pontiff who is trying to destroy the Church. I say it is licit to resist him in not following his orders and in preventing the execution of his will. It is not licit to Judge him, to punish him, or to depose him, for these are acts proper to a superior."

    ~St. Robert Bellarmine
    De Romano Pontifice, Lib.II, c.29

    Offline Angelus

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    Re: R&R -- why don't you get behind Father Chazal's sede-impoundism?
    « Reply #162 on: May 17, 2023, 04:02:00 PM »
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  • Regarding the Chazal position specifically, I think I found something that may shed more light on where to place these different opinions vis a vis Bellarmine's list:

    Here is what Fr. Paul Kramer said about Fr. Chazal's position:


    Quote
    According to Fr. Paul Kramer, Fr. Francois Chazal wrote a book Contra Cekadam in which he “adopted the opinion of John of St. Thomas on the question of deposition of a manifest heretic pope from office. It was the opinion of John of St. Thomas that one who is manifestly a formal heretic would not fall from the papal office ipso facto; but would remain in office as pope until convicted of heresy by a council, and then would only fall from office upon being declared vitandus by the council. This is the fourth of the five opinions outlined by St. Robert Bellarmine in Book II of his De Romano Pontifice.”  This is in opposition to Fr. Anthony Cekada’s position that public heretics automatically lose office.  Fr. Kramer agrees with Fr. Cekada that public heretics automatically lose office, but he does not agree with the process by which Fr. Cekada claims they lose office. The quote I provided in the earlier post elaborates on Fr. Kramer’s disagreement with Fr. Cekada.


    So, if Kramer's analysis is correct, Fr. Chazal's position reflects the Fourth Opinion in the Bellarmine list. Bellarmine attributes that opinion specifically to the Dominican Cardinal Cajetan (not the same person as St. Cajetan). John of St. Thomas was also a Dominican and Bellarmine says "according to Cajetan and the other Thomists" when discussing the Fourth Opinion.

    If Fr. Chazal is essentially taking the Fourth Opinion listed by Bellarmine (i.e., the opinion of Cardinal Cajetan, John of St. Thomas, and the other Dominicans of that era), we can use Bellarmine's argument to consider the matter further.

    Offline Angelus

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    Re: R&R -- why don't you get behind Father Chazal's sede-impoundism?
    « Reply #163 on: May 17, 2023, 04:07:04 PM »
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  • Here is the Fourth Opinion (attributed to Cardinal Cajetan) in Bellarmine's list:


    Quote
    The fourth opinion is of Cajetan [322]. There, he teaches, that a manifestly heretical Pope is not ipso facto deposed; but can and ought to be deposed by the Church. Now in my judgment, such an opinion cannot be defended. For in the first place, that a manifest heretic would be ipso facto deposed, is proven from authority and reason. The Authority is of St. Paul, who commands Titus [323], that after two censures, that is, after he appears manifestly pertinacious, an heretic is to be shunned: and he understands this before excommunication and sentence of a judge. Jerome comments on the same place, saying that other sinners, through a judgment of excommunication are excluded from the Church; heretics, however, leave by themselves and are cut from the body of Christ, but a Pope who remains the Pope cannot be shunned. How will we shun our Head? How will we recede from a member to whom we are joined?

    Now in regard to reason this is indeed very certain. A non-Christian cannot in any way be Pope, as Cajetan affirms in the same book [324], and the reason is because he cannot be the head of that which he is not a member, and he is not a member of the Church who is not a Christian. But a manifest heretic is not a Christian, as St. Cyprian and many other Fathers clearly teach [325]. Therefore, a manifest heretic cannot be Pope. Cajetan responds in a defense of the aforementioned treatise, chapter 25, and in the treatise itself chapter 22, that a heretic is not a Christian simply; but is relatively. For since two things make a Christian, faith and the character, a heretic loses the virtue of faith, but still retains the character; and for that reason, still adheres in some way to the Church, and has the capacity for jurisdiction: hence, he is still Pope, but must be deposed, because he has been disposed due to heresy; after being disposed at the last, he is not Pope, as such he is a man, and not yet dead, but constituted at the point of death.

    But on the contrary, since in the first place, were a heretic to remain joined with the Church in act by reason of the character, he could never be cut off and separated from her, because the character is indelible, yet everyone affirms that some can be cut off from the Church de facto: therefore, the character does not make a heretical man exist in the Church in act; rather, it is only a sign that he was in the Church, and that he ought to be in the Church. Just as the character impressed upon a sheep, when it was in the mountains, does not make it to be in the sheepfold, rather indicates from which fold it fled, and to where it can be driven back again. This is also confirmed by St. Thomas [326], who says that those who do not have faith are not united to Christ in act, but only in potency, and there he speaks on internal union, not external, which is made through the confession of faith, and the visible Sacraments. Therefore, since the character pertains to what is internal and not external, according to St. Thomas, the character alone does not unite a man with Christ in act. Next, either faith is a necessary disposition as one for this purpose, that someone should be Pope, or it is merely that he be a good Pope. If the first, therefore, after that disposition has been abolished through its opposite, which is heresy, and soon after the Pope ceases to be Pope: for the form cannot be preserved without its necessary dispositions. If the second, then a Pope cannot be deposed on account of heresy. On the other hand, in general, he ought to be deposed even on account of ignorance and wickedness, and other dispositions which are necessary to be a good Pope, and besides, Cajetan affirms that the Pope cannot be deposed from a defect of dispositions that are not necessary as one, but merely necessary for one to be a good Pope.

    Cajetan responds that faith is a necessary disposition simply, but in part not in total, and hence with faith being absent the Pope still remains Pope, on account of another part of the disposition which is called the character, and that still remains. But on the other hand, either the total disposition which is the character and faith, is necessary as one unit, or it is not, and a partial disposition suffices. If the first, then without faith, the necessary disposition does not remain any longer as one, because the whole was necessary as one unit and now it is no longer total. If the second, then faith is not required to be good, and hence on account of his defect, a Pope cannot be deposed. Thereupon, those things which have the final disposition to ruin, soon after cease to exist, without another external force, as is clear; therefore, even a heretical Pope, without any disposition ceases to be Pope through himself.

    Next, the Holy Fathers teach in unison, that not only are heretics outside the Church, but they even lack all Ecclesiastical jurisdiction and dignity ipso facto. Cyprian says: “We say that all heretics and schismatics have not power and right” [327]. He also teaches that heretics returning to the Church must be received as laymen; even if beforehand they were priests or bishops in the Church [328]. Optatus teaches that heretics and schismatics cannot hold the keys of the kingdom of heaven, nor loose or bind [329]. Ambrose and Augustine teach the same, as does St. Jerome who says: “Bishops who were heretics cannot continue to be so; rather let them be constituted such who were received that were not heretics” [330]. Pope Celestine I, in an epistle to John of Antioch, which is contained in Volume One of the Council of Ephesus, ch. 19, says: “If anyone who was either excommunicated or exiled by Bishop Nestorius, or any that followed him, from such a time as he began to preach such things, whether they be from the dignity of a bishop or clergy, it is manifest that he has endured and endures in our communion, nor do we judge him outside, because he could not remove anyone by a sentence, who himself had already shown that he must be removed.” And in a letter to the clergy of Constantinople: “The Authority of our See has sanctioned, that the bishop, cleric or Christian by simple profession who had been deposed or excommunicated by Nestorius or his followers, after the latter began to preach heresy, shall not be considered deposed or excommunicated. For he who had defected from the faith with such preaching, cannot depose or remove anyone whatsoever.”

    Nicholas I confirms and repeats the same thing in his epistle to the Emperor Michael. Next, even St. Thomas teaches that schismatics soon loose all jurisdiction; and if they try to do something from jurisdiction, it is useless [331]. Nor does the response which some make avail, that these Fathers speak according to ancient laws, but now since the decree of the Council of Constance they do not lose jurisdiction, unless excommunicated by name, or if they strike clerics. I say this avails to nothing. For those Fathers, when they say that heretics lose jurisdiction, do not allege any human laws which maybe did not exist then on this matter; rather, they argued from the nature of heresy. Moreover, the Council of Constance does not speak except on the excommunicates, that is, on these who lose jurisdiction through a judgment of the Church. Yet heretics are outside the Church, even before excommunication, and deprived of all jurisdiction, for they are condemned by their own judgment, as the Apostle teaches to Titus; that is, they are cut from the body of the Church without excommunication, as Jerome expresses it.

    Next, what Cajetan says in the second place, that a heretical Pope who is truly Pope can be deposed by the Church, and from its authority seems no less false than the first. For, if the Church deposes a Pope against his will, certainly it is over the Pope. Yet the same Cajetan defends the opposite in the very same treatise. But he answers; the Church, in the very matter, when it deposes the Pope, does not have authority over the Pope, but only on that union of the person with the pontificate. As the Church can join the pontificate to such a person, and still it is not said on that account to be above the Pontiff; so it can separate the pontificate from such a person in the case of heresy, and still it will not be said to be above the Pope.

    On the other hand, from the very fact that the Pope deposes bishops, they deduce that the Pope is above all bishops, and still the Pope deposing a bishop does not destroy the Episcopacy; but only separates it from that person. Secondly, for one to be deposed from the pontificate against his will is without a doubt a penalty; therefore, the Church deposing a Pope against his will, without a doubt punished him; but to punish is for a superior and a judge. Thirdly, because according to Cajetan and the other Thomists, in reality they are the same, the whole and the parts are taken up together. Therefore, he who has so great an authority over the parts taken up together, such that he can also separate them, also has it over the whole, which arises from those parts.

    Furthermore, the example of Cajetan does not avail on electors, who have the power of applying the pontificate to a certain person, and still does not have power over the Pope. For while a thing is made, the action is exercised over the matter of the thing that is going to be, not over a composite which does not yet exist, but while a thing is destroyed, the action is exercised over a composite; as is certain from natural things. Therefore, when Cardinals create the Pontiff, they exercise their authority not over the Pontiff, because he does not yet exist; but over the matter, that is, over the person whom they dispose in a certain measure through election, that he might receive the form of the pontificate from God; but if they depose the Pope, they necessarily exercise authority over the composite, that is, over the person provided with pontifical dignity, which is to say, over the Pontiff.



    Compare that to the Fifth Opinion, the opinion that Bellarmine calls the "common opinion" and the "true opinion":

    Quote
    Now the fifth true opinion, is that a Pope who is a manifest heretic, ceases in himself to be Pope and head, just as he ceases in himself to be a Christian and member of the body of the Church: whereby, he can be judged and punished by the Church. This is the opinion of all the ancient Fathers, who teach that manifest heretics soon [mox — better translation: immediately] lose all jurisdiction, and namely St. Cyprian who speaks on Novation, who was a Pope in schism with Cornelius: “He cannot hold the Episcopacy, although he was a bishop first, he fell from the body of his fellow bishops and from the unity of the Church” [332]. There he means that Novation, even if he was a true and legitimate Pope; still would have fallen from the pontificate by himself, if he separated himself from the Church. The same is the opinion of the learned men of our age, as John Driedo teaches [333], those who are cast out as excommunicates, or leave on their own and oppose the Church are separated from it, namely heretics and schismatics. He adds in the same work [334], that no spiritual power remains in them, who have departed from the Church, over those who are in the Church. Melchior Cano teaches the same thing, when he says that heretics are not part of the Church, nor members [335], and he adds in the last Chapter, 12th argument, that someone cannot even be informed in thought, that he should be head and Pope, who is not a member nor a part, and he teaches the same thing in eloquent words, that secret heretics are still in the Church and are parts and members, and that a secretly heretical Pope is still Pope. Others teach the same, whom we cite in Book 1 of de Ecclesia. The foundation of this opinion is that a manifest heretic, is in no way a member of the Church; that is, neither in spirit nor in body, or by internal union nor external. For even wicked Catholics are united and are members, in spirit through faith and in body through the confession of faith, and the participation of the visible Sacraments. Secret heretics are united and are members, but only by an external union: just as on the other hand, good Catechumens are in the Church only by an internal union but not an external one. Manifest heretics by no union, as has been proved.


    Offline DecemRationis

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    Re: R&R -- why don't you get behind Father Chazal's sede-impoundism?
    « Reply #164 on: May 17, 2023, 04:10:29 PM »
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  • Regarding the Chazal position specifically, I think I found something that may shed more light on where to place these different opinions vis a vis Bellarmine's list:

    Here is what Fr. Paul Kramer said about Fr. Chazal's position:



    So, if Kramer's analysis is correct, Fr. Chazal's position reflects the Fourth Opinion in the Bellarmine list. Bellarmine attributes that opinion specifically to the Dominican Cardinal Cajetan (not the same person as St. Cajetan). John of St. Thomas as also a Dominican and Bellarmine says "according to Cajetan and the other Thomists" when discussing the Fourth Opinion.

    If Fr. Chazal is essentially taking the Fourth Opinion listed by Bellarmine (i.e., the opinion of Cardinal Cajetan, John of St. Thomas, and the other Dominicans of that era), we can use Bellarmine's argument to consider the matter further.

    Key to Fr. Kramer's position was his contention that Vatican I, with its elevating to dogma certain claims about papal supremacy and jurisdiction, made the position of Cajetan,  JST and hence Fr. Chazal untenable. He claims that, post-V1, there is virtual unanimity among theologians in rejecting the Cajetan/JST position.

    Specifically, to quote myself earlier on this issue:


    Quote
    Father Kramer argues in his book that since the Vatican I council and its declaration of the injudicability of the pope by any authority on earth, and the codification of ipso facto loss of office for heresy in Canon 188 in 1917, the Cajetan/John of St. Thomas opinion is no longer tenable. I think he argues that all theologians post Vatican I and the 1917 code agree with him.

    His  claim in that regard has to be dealt with by proponents of the Cajetan/JST view. I'm not sure Sisco & Salza address it.
    Rom. 3:25 Whom God hath proposed to be a propitiation, through faith in his blood, to the shewing of his justice, for the remission of former sins" 

    Apoc 17:17 For God hath given into their hearts to do that which pleaseth him: that they give their kingdom to the beast, till the words of God be fulfilled.