How is an increase in number of abortions a direct effect of reducing access to abortions? (It was not longer available in every state.) The expected effect of reduced access is a decrease in number of abortions. That would have been a direct effect. However, since that did not happen, there are presumably other factors involved.
Oy!
You missed the obvious point. People thought Dobbs would reduce abortions but the DIRECT EFFECT- sending it to the states, only increased the numbers and solidified law in pro-abort states. Which is actually the direct result, maybe not the INTENDED result.