I went ahead and listed the councils of the church. My information is from the very well trusted Wikipedia **cough**, so please feel free to correct. I listed a few things the council achieved, but in no great detail. If there are inaccuracies, please correct me, as I'm too ignorant to know. Anyways, I thought it would be fun to leave the last, and our favorite council, blank. This is a fill in the blank game!
First Council of Nicaea(325)
Main article: First Council of Nicaea
Formulated the original Nicene Creed.
Defined the equality of God Father and Christ, his son.
Repudiated Arianism.
The First Council of Constantinople (381)
Defined in four canons the Nicene Creed.
Defined the divinity of the Holy Spirit.
First Council of Ephesus (431)
The Council of Ephesus proclaimed the Virgin Mary as the Theotokos (Greek Η Θεοτόκος, "Mother of God").
Rejected Nestorianism.
Council of Chalcedon (451)
Defined the two natures (divine and human) of Jesus Christ.
Second Council of Constantinople (553)
The Council again dealt with the issue of the two natures of Christ, as monophysitism had spread through Christianity despite the decisions of Chalcedon.
Condemned "Three Chapters" of Nestorian writings.
Third Council of Constantinople (681)
Repudiated Monothelitism (again).
Second Council of Nicaea (787)
Restored of the veneration of icons using the Bible and tradition of the Church. Pictures of Christ, the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Saints were used to stimulate piety and imitation.
Fourth Council of Constantinople (869)
Condemned Photius, who questioned the legality of the papal delegates presiding over the Council.
First Council of the Lateran (1123)
Declared the pope alone appoints bishops as spiritual head while the emperor maintains a right to give secular offices and honors. Pope Calixtus invoked the council to ratify this historic agreement.
Second Council of the Lateran (1139)
The Council deposed the antipope Antipope Anacletus II (who was called the Pope of the Ghetto, in light of his Jєωιѕн origins).
Issued important decisions regarding the celibacy of Catholic priests, clerical marriages of priests and monks, which up to 1139 were considered illegal, were defined as declared non-existing and invalid.
Third Council of the Lateran (1179)
Established the two-third majority necessary for the election of a pope
Outlawed simony, and the elevation to Episcopal offices for anyone under thirty.
Ruled it illegal to sell arms or goods which could assist armaments to Muslim powers.
Saracens and Jєωs forbidden from keeping Christian slaves
Cathedrals were to appoint teachers for indigent and low-income children.
Catharism was condemned as a heresy.
Fourth Council of the Lateran (1215)
Mandated every Christian to go at least once a year on Easter to confession and to receive the Holy Eucharist.
Formally repeated Catholic teaching, that Christ is present in the Eucharist and thus clarified transubstantiation.
Dealt with several heresies without naming names but intended to include the Catharists and several individual Catholic theologians.
First Council of Lyon (1245)
Deposed Frederick II, as German king and as emperor. Frederick was accused of heresy, treason and arresting a ship with about 100 prelates willing to attend a meeting with the Pope.
Second Council of Lyon (1275)
Pope Gregory X defined three aims for the council: aid to Jerusalem, union with the Greek Orthodox Church and reform of the Catholic Church. The council achieved a short-lived unity with the Greek representatives, who were denounced for this back home by the hierarchy and the emperor. Papal conclaves were regulated in Ubi periculum, w
Franciscan Dominican and other orders had become controversial in light of their increasing popularity. The Council confirmed their privileges.
Council of Vienne (1312)
Addressed:
Order of Knights Templar- Pope Clement had asked the bishops to list all their problems with the order. The Templars had become an obstacle to many bishops because they could act independently of them in such vital areas as filling parishes and other positions. Many accusations against the order were not accepted as the Pope ruled that confessions under torture were inadmissible. He withdrew canonical support for the order but refused to turn over its properties to the French king.
The regaining of the Holy Land
A reform of public morality and freedom for the Church.
The Council fathers discussed another crusade, but were convinced instead by Raimundus Lullus that knowledge of foreign languages is the only way to Christianize Muslims and Jєωs.
Council of Constance (1418)
At the beginning of the Council there was the great schism, with three popes, each claiming legitimacy. One of them, Antipope John XXIII, called for the Council to take place in Konstance, Germany, hoping to get additional legitimation from the council. When public opinion moved against him in March 1415, he fled to Schaffhausen.
The Council of Constance was one of the longest lasting in Church history.
Council of Florence (1442)
Issued several decrees on Church reform.
Fifth Council of the Lateran (1517)
Issued a dogma that the soul of a human being lives forever.
Condemned heresies stating the opposite
Council of Trent (1565)
The council issued condemnations on what it defined as Protestant heresies and defined Church teachings in the areas of Scripture and Tradition, Original Sin, Justification, Sacraments, the Eucharist in Holy Mass and the veneration of saints.
The Council entrusted to the Pope the implementation of its work, as a result of which Pope Pius V issued in 1566 the Roman Catechism, in 1568 a revised Roman Breviary, and in 1570 a revised Roman Missal,
The Council of Trent is considered one of the most successful councils in the history of the Catholic Church.
It defined Church beliefs until today.
First Vatican Council (1870)
Issued definitions of the Catholic faith, the papacy and the infallibility of the Pope.
Second Vatican Council
The Second Vatican Council was invoked by Pope John XXIII. It met from 1962 to 1965.... It: