Pax Christi Siscoe, you are deliberately lying. Canon 188.4° statutes an ipso jure loss of office not as a penal deprivation, which would be a punishment for a crime, but on the basis of the fact of defection alone. Fr. Augustine explains, “Besides express or explicit resignation, both the old and the new law admit also a TACIT RESIGNATION, which is brought about and signified by a fact, especially one upon which the law itself has decreed the loss of an ecclesiastical office.” As is abundantly clear from the texts I quoted of St. Augustine, St. Jerome, St. Thomas, St. Robert Bellarmine, and Pius XII; heresy, as defined in the Code directly and per se severs a man from the from the body of the Church suapte natura, and for that reason, directly causes the loss of ecclesiastical office ex natura hæresis. The FACT of defection is accomplished by public schism, heresy, and apostasy. St. Augustine and Bellarmine declare that all heretics and all schismatics have departed from the Church. I quoted Bellarmine: «s. Augustinus … Sic enim ait … Omnes hæretici, omnes schismatici ex nobis exierunt idest, ex Ecclesia exierunt» ALL HERETICS AND SCHISMATICS HAVE DEPARTED FROM THE CHURCH. Bellarmine: "For those Fathers, when they say that heretics lose jurisdiction, do not allege any human laws which maybe did not exist then on this matter; rather, they argued from the nature of heresy." Thus, Fr. Charles Augustine explains how defection from the faith takes place: “Defection from the Catholic faith, if public, deprives one of all ecclesiastical ofices he may hold; [C. 9, X, V, 7.] not, however, mere schism, if unconnected with heresy.” Canon 188.4° did not clearly include pure schism. Canon 194 in the 1983 Code does. The Canon Law commentary of the Pontifical Faculty of Canon Law of the University of Salamanca explains that the sole necessary condition for such a loss of office to take place, is that the act be freely committed, and then the loss of office follows necessarily: “El hecho por el que se presupone la renuncia debe ser puesto voluntariamente, a tenor del canon 185; pero, cuмplida esta condición, la perdida del oficio se produce necesariamente.” Hence, if a pope were to cease entirely by himself to be a member of the Church because of manifest heresy, Schism or apostasy, he would by that very act, publicly defect from communion with the Church, cease to be a member of the Church; and therefore, according to the prescription of Canon 194 §1. 2° * (Canon 188. 4° in the 1917 Code ); he would lose office automatically (ipso jure); and the loss of office would then be enforced juridically by a merely declaratory sentence (Canon 194 §2). On this point, the canon is absolutely clear and unequivocal: “Can. 194 §1. The following are removed from an ecclesiastical office by the law itself: […] 2° a person who has publicly defected from the Catholic faith or from the communion of the Church; […]§2. The removal mentioned in nn. 2 and 3 can be enforced only if it is established by the declaration of a competent authority.” In the commentary on the Code of Canon Law composed by the Canon Law faculty of the University of Navarra, it is explained: “In the 2nd and 3rd cases, the act of the ecclesiastical authority is declarative, and it is necessary, not to provoke the vacating of the right of the office, but so that the removal can legally be demanded (also for the purposes of 1381 § 2), and consequently the conferral of the office to a new officeholder can be carried out (cfr. C. 154).” Public defection from the faith is accomplished directly and per se by a public act of manifest formal heresy, and therefore, as the Salamanca commentary explains, if the act is voluntary, the loss of office follows necessarily. You have deliberately disregarded all of this doctrine on heresy in order to twist McKenzie's comments into conformity with your own depraved opinion. Fr. Gerald McDevitt explained Tacit Loss office exactly as I do, and he even quoted Fr. Eric McKenzie's commentary in support of his exposition on that provision. But you, Siscoe the con artist, would have us believe that you, and not the expert canonist, have interpreted McKenzie correctly; and that your twisted interpretation of McKenzie and Fr. Augustine refutes the Church's universal magisterium on these points, namely, that MANIFEST, PUBLIC FORMAL HERESY BY ITS VERY NATURE VISIBLY SEVERS ONE FROM THE BODY OF THE CHURCH AND DEPRIVES ONE OF ALL OFFICES AND ECCLESIASTICAL DIGNITY. Fr. Charles Augustine explains how defection from the faith takes place: “Defection from the Catholic faith, if public, deprives one of all ecclesiastical ofices he may hold; [C. 9, X, V, 7.] not, however, mere schism, if unconnected with heresy.”* Heresy alone, and not joining a non-Catholic sect or formally renouncing the Church, is all that is required for the defection from the faith to take place; and therefore public heretics, are defectors from the faith according to can. 188 4° – «heretics who, having been bapized, retain the name of Christians, but obstinately deny or doubt some of the truths that must be believed by divine or Catholic faith. . . a heretic is one who wilfully rejects or doubts only the one or or other truth revealed and proposed by the Catholic Church. . . Obstinacy may be assumed when a revealed truth has been proposed with sufficient clearness and force to convince a reasonable man.»** This is all that is required for loss of office to take place: the external act of defection into heresy that is public or liable to become public, before any judgment, and without any judgment pronounced by the Church. * The Rev. P, Chas. Augustine, O.S.B., D.D.; A COMMENTAY ON THE NEW CODE OF CANON LAW., Vol. II, St. Louis and London, 1919, p. 159. ** Ibid. Vol. VI, St. Louis and London, 1921, p. 335.