The clarinet is an annoying instrument. The oboe is far superior. There is also a plethora of music written expressly for oboe solo (with basso continuo) from the Baroque era; beautiful music - the clarinet cannot boast this.
Traditionally, women played the harpsichord, virginal, clavichord, etc before the invention of the piano and the exponential growth of amateur musicians during the late 18th and early 19th century. Ironically, the harpsichord - which now holds a place of respect among cultured musicians as one of the *the* instruments to learn (the piano is far to profane) - was once universally looked down upon as an instrument only fit for young women waiting to be married off to play to relieve their boredom. It was an insult to compare another instrument to the harpsichord. Times have changed though...and these wonderful "time machines" can be a real source of musical pleasure. Unfortunately, harpsichords can be notoriously expensive - however, you can buy some for the same price as you would a piano of quality.
The flute is a good choice - just be sure to invest in buying a wooden Baroque traverso - modern metal flutes cannot compare to the beauty of a wooden instrument. The cost should be the same. This is generally true of all modern v. period instruments. The period instruments produce better sound in all cases (and they are lighter as well). Nylon/metal strings v. gut strings, etc.
Violin is also a classic for women. Remember - baroque is best. As far as the cello, the viola da gamba is superior in my opinion, but it's sound may be too raw to be seen as as a feminine instrument. In practically all cases, I prefer the viola da gamba to the cello as a solo instrument and as a basso continuo instrument.
Women are not well suited to stile antico or stylus gravis or stylus phantasticus *in my opinion*. Women are best off playing dainty music like Couperin's harpsichord ordres, and the generic solo instrument + basso continuo sonatas that proliferated during the Baroque.
It is the style of music rather than the instrument that depends on the gender...