The American Ecclesiastical Review 1929-09: Vol 81 Iss 3
Pages 306 to 308
https://archive.org/details/sim_american-ecclesiastical-review_1929-09_81_3/page/306/mode/2upBAPTISM OF A PERSON LIVING IN SIN.Question
Mrs. B. is invalidly married to a Catholic. The marriage cannot be revalidated owing to the fact that the husband’s first wife is still living. Mrs. B. is well instructed in the Catholic religion and makes open profession of it as far as possible.
She desires to be baptized, but her pastor refuses on the ground that she is living in sin and intends to so continue, which constitutes an obstacle to the liceity and validity of the sacrament.
Another priest advises him that the sacrament is valid under the circuмstances, but illicit. A third maintains that it is both licit and valid. Which is the correct solution?
Response
It is difficult to understand what reason the pastor has for holding that baptism in this case would be invalid. Probably he confuses the unworthy reception of the sacrament with its invalid reception. Even though received unworthily, the baptism can nevertheless be valid. If only the dispositions of Mrs. B. are considered, that would be verified in the present instance. For Mrs. B. has a very positive intention of receiving baptism in the Catholic Church. On her part therefore nothing prevents the valid reception of that sacrament.1
Her reception of baptism, however, would be unworthy. Worthy reception of baptism by an adult requires that he have at least attrition for his personal sins. Now Mrs. B.’s attrition is insufficient and insincere, since it lacks a necessary complement, namely, a firm purpose of amendment, for she is determined to persevere in her adulterous union. Hence her reception of baptism, while valid, would be unworthy. Far from producing the new man in Christ in her, it would burden her soul with the added guilt of sacrilege.
It were folly here to suggest good faith, seeing that with her acceptance of the Catholic faith she must accept the teaching of the indissolubility of marriage and thus recognize her own sinful state. Even if she were to assert her conviction that her present state is not wrong, she could not be believed; for the Catholic doctrine of the indissolublity of marriage, of the prohibition of divorce and of the resultant invalidity of a second marriage while both parties to the first marriage are still living, is too well known to be ignored by a convert. She must therefore be considered in bad faith, and so her reception of baptism in her present frame of mind would be sacrilegious.2
This suggests the answer to the other question, whether a priest could lawfully receive her into the Church and baptize her. Since reception of baptism by her in her present condition would be sacrilegious, it would likewise be a sacrilege for the priest to confer baptism. This phase of the question is not treated by moralists when discussing baptism, for the reason that it is quite exceptional. But the same rules, relatively speaking, must per se be applied here as in refusing absolution to a penitent who may have made a complete confession but lacks the firm purpose of amendment.3
It is the second priest’s solution that is correct. The baptism of Mrs. B., as far as the requirements on her part are concerned, would be valid but unlawful. Pastoral prudence, however, will bid the pastor not to be brusque in rejecting her requests, but to be forbearing in order to preserve the spark of faith so that, if a change of conditions permits it, he can baptize and receive her into the Church with good conscience. Moreover, if the circuмstances are favorable, he may be able to persuade this woman and the man with whom she is living to separate, or, if there is no danger of continued sin and of scandal, to live as brother and sister. Then he could lawfully admit her to baptism at once.
1 S. C. S. Off., 1 August, 1860—C. I. C. Fontes, n. 963. Cf. Cappello, De Sacramentis, Turin, 1921, I, n. 13.
2 Cappello, of. cit., I, n. 88, 3.
3 Cappello, of. cit., I, n. 70-76. In an extraordinary case a priest fully cognizant of the lack of a firm purpose of amendment on the part of a baptizand would nevertheless
be obliged to comply with the request for baptism, viz. if on the one hand the fact of the baptizand’s living in an adulterous union were entirely unknown to the people
because the bond of the preéxisting marriage was concealed and on the other the refusal to baptize such a one would betray the actual conditions. Cf. Canon 855, § 2.