Interestingly, I had a long conversation with a friend the other day about this very question. My children are very young but this is something I certainly wonder about.
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I myself was definitely a victim-- or participant might be a better way to put it-- in the forbidden fruit syndrome. So I ask myself, "what could my parents have done differently so that I cared about religion from ages ~12-20?" Latin mass only attendance, rosary every night, all the sacraments on time, etc. obviously wasn't enough. And it's not like kids don't have free will; theoretically everything could be done right and the kid could still be lost. Think of the prodigal son (who of course eventually returned, but the point is that he was lost for quite a while). So maybe they did do everything they could have. But if it's a widespread phenomenon, then my guess is that there's something more the parents could do.
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I don't exactly know the answer to that, but something my friend and I think might play a role is not just a "lack of catechetics" but a lack of philosophical formation in particular. When kids are preparing for Holy Communion, they're taught the catechism as a recitation. But at a certain point a child, perhaps even without explicitly realizing it, will ask himself why he believes what he does (asking this question is, IMO, good). And at a certain point "because my parents told me" is simply not a sufficient reason. What's left? No amount of recitation will communicate the underlying reasons, IMO. Recitation is good for learning the basics, and it's good in prayer for reinforcing virtue through practice. After that it's utility is questionable.
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If, on the other hand, a kid has a strong philosophical foundation-- he doesn't just know the basics of the faith but he knows why they're true, especially the ones that can be demonstrated a priori (like God's existence) or with enormous historical credibility (the formation and existence of the Catholic Church, the fact of the Resurrection, etc.), I have to imagine it'd be much harder to throw away. Because it's not like the kid is going to approach his parents who've only ever just had him recite (however frequently) the Baltimore Catechism about some concern or another. No, if he starts to question he's very probably going to keep it to himself and slowly defect (which was my own trajectory). Combine that intellectual slide with the world, the flesh, and the devil and the end destination is a foregone conclusion. When those temptations and questions come up, kids need something beyond "my parents told me." They need something. This is not an imperfection of theirs, I think it's human nature. We're rational animals. When we become men, we put aside the things of children. Part of that means understanding the world (metaphysically) independently from what you were told as a child.
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Grace builds on nature. If you never know why you believe what you do and you're exposed to the temptations and arguments of the world, don't expect your faith to stick around for very long. I think kids probably need to receive a fuller, stronger foundation in the supporting elements of the faith. This keeps things interesting, engaging, and most importantly it helps them form critical thinking skills and also progressively shows them that we can submit the Catholic faith to virtually any and every challenge and the Catholic faith will win. I'm sure there's a strategic balance to be struck as well-- you probably don't want to sit down with an eight year old and say "let's see if we can prove God doesn't exist"-- but with a thirteen year old? Maybe! I don't have a perfect strategy developed for this, and I'm sure it would vary from family to family, from child to child.
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I'll close by pointing out that this is especially important now. It wouldn't be as important in a Catholic society, because you would have the useful social controls and pressures to at least nominally reinforce standards of Catholic behavior. So you could "get away" with, at least at face value, a shallower catechetics since your kids are going to be marrying other Catholics and continuing to go to mass and practice the faith no matter what-- they pretty much don't have a choice unless they really want to break off and go join the Caliphate or something. But no such society exists now, so there needs to be a strong, commensurate reason to stay Catholic since there won't be any serious social consequences for not remaining in the Church.