I definitely find phlegmatic to be a masculine trait and choleric to be a feminine trait. People don't look to leaders who have no control over their temperaments. "Speak softly and carry a big stick". Meanwhile, the choleric like to speak loudly and carry a twig. There's nothing manly about a lack of control over your emotions. Think about it, even society is much more forgiving to women who lose their tempers than they are to men, all the while, perpetuating this myth that men are allowed to get angry, but women are forced to hold their tongues. Simply not true. The toughest man that I've ever known, I have never seen angry. That's not to say that it doesn't happen; just not often.
For reference, I used the following definitions of phlegmatic and choleric.
phlegmatic: (of a person) having an unemotional and stolidly calm disposition.
synonyms: calm, cool, composed, 'calm, cool, and collected', controlled, serene, tranquil, placid, impassive, imperturbable, unruffled, dispassionate, philosophical;
choleric: bad-tempered or irritable.
synonyms: bad-tempered, irascible, irritable, angry, grumpy, grouchy, crotchety, testy, cranky, crusty, cantankerous, curmudgeonly, ill-tempered, peevish, cross, fractious, crabbed, crabby, waspish, prickly, peppery, touchy, short-tempered;