My understanding is that anything made from meat, that retains the taste and flavor of meat, is considered "meat" and does not fulfill Friday abstinence. Beef broth would certainly fall into that category.
Southern cooking being what it is, some foods (such as turnip greens or green beans) may be flavored with bacon grease or something similar, and I am not able to detect any meat flavor in them, so I will have those with no reservations. Some people might be able to taste the bacon flavor, but I cannot, it just adds body to the dish.
And there are some foods, such as Gravy Master concentrate or Marmite (you either love it or you hate it, I love it myself), that have a kind of meat-like taste, but they do not contain any meat. In that they are not derived from meat, I likewise have these with no reservation.