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Author Topic: Who Can be Saved? By Card Avery Dulles  (Read 6236 times)

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Offline trad123

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Re: Who Can be Saved? By Card Avery Dulles
« Reply #90 on: March 06, 2020, 11:05:54 PM »
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  • I doubt any trads go past two

    Are you joking? There's a plethora of laity and clergy that say salvation is possible for Muslims, Jews, Hindu's etc.

    AS THEY ARE.

    There is no conversion. There is no cessation of their observances and practices of their false faith. They act, speak, and identify publicly with their false religion unto their very death.

    The Muslim dies a Muslim. The Jew dies a Jew, etc.
    2 Corinthians 4:3-4 

    And if our gospel be also hid, it is hid to them that are lost, In whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of unbelievers, that the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God, should not shine unto them.

    Offline trad123

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    Re: Who Can be Saved? By Card Avery Dulles
    « Reply #91 on: March 06, 2020, 11:17:58 PM »
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  • God does not want us to commit idolatry.

    Idolatry is a mortal sin.

    This isn't stopping Bishop Fellay from having stated the possibility of the salvation of a invincibly ignorant Hindu in Tibet.
    2 Corinthians 4:3-4 

    And if our gospel be also hid, it is hid to them that are lost, In whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of unbelievers, that the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God, should not shine unto them.


    Offline trad123

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    Re: Who Can be Saved? By Card Avery Dulles
    « Reply #92 on: March 06, 2020, 11:24:44 PM »
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  • This Catechism nowhere states that such s one would be saved in that state, just that he is "on the way" ... very similar to what Pius IX stated.  Even Dulles stated that Pius IX did NOT say this ... although he THOUGHT it was implied.

    Pius IX later stated himself (as quoted by Father Wathen) that this is EXACTLY what he meant, and that those who interpreted it the other way were committing an "atrocious injustice" against him.


    https://www.cathinfo.com/baptism-of-desire-and-feeneyism/pius-ix-and-invincible-ignorance/


    2 Corinthians 4:3-4

    Quote
    And if our gospel be also hid, it is hid to them that are lost, In whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of unbelievers, that the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God, should not shine unto them.



    Summa Theologica I-II

    Question 62. The theological virtues

    Article 3:

    http://www.newadvent.org/summa/2062.htm


    Quote
    Quote
    First, as regards the intellect, man receives certain supernatural principles, which are held by means of a Divine light: these are the articles of faith, about which is faith.



    Pius IX, On Promotion of False Doctrines, 1863

    http://www.papalencyclicals.net/pius09/p9quanto.htm


    Quote
    7. Here, too, our beloved sons and venerable brothers, it is again necessary to mention and censure a very grave error entrapping some Catholics who believe that it is possible to arrive at eternal salvation although living in error and alienated from the true faith and Catholic unity. Such belief is certainly opposed to Catholic teaching. There are, of course, those who are struggling with invincible ignorance about our most holy religion. Sincerely observing the natural law and its precepts inscribed by God on all hearts and ready to obey God, they live honest lives and are able to attain eternal life by the efficacious virtue of divine light and grace. Because God knows, searches and clearly understands the minds, hearts, thoughts, and nature of all, his supreme kindness and clemency do not permit anyone at all who is not guilty of deliberate sin to suffer eternal punishments.

    19.

    (. . .)

    Let us pray that the errant be flooded with the light of his divine grace, may turn back from the path of error into the way of truth and justice and, experiencing the worthy fruit of repentance, may possess perpetual love and fear of his holy name.



    Leo XIII, On Mission Societies, 1880

    http://www.papalencyclicals.net/leo13/l13mis.htm




    Quote
    6.

    (. . .)

    Do men like these pour forth their prayers to God that in His mercy he may bring to the Divine light of the Gospel by His victorious grace the people sitting in the darkness?


    Gregory XVI, Mirari Vos, 1832

    http://www.papalencyclicals.net/greg16/g16mirar.htm



    Quote
    13. Now We consider another abundant source of the evils with which the Church is afflicted at present: indifferentism. This perverse opinion is spread on all sides by the fraud of the wicked who claim that it is possible to obtain the eternal salvation of the soul by the profession of any kind of religion, as long as morality is maintained. Surely, in so clear a matter, you will drive this deadly error far from the people committed to your care. With the admonition of the apostle that “there is one God, one faith, one baptism”[16] may those fear who contrive the notion that the safe harbor of salvation is open to persons of any religion whatever. They should consider the testimony of Christ Himself that “those who are not with Christ are against Him,”[17] and that they disperse unhappily who do not gather with Him. Therefore “without a doubt, they will perish forever, unless they hold the Catholic faith whole and inviolate.”[18] Let them hear Jerome who, while the Church was torn into three parts by schism, tells us that whenever someone tried to persuade him to join his group he always exclaimed: “He who is for the See of Peter is for me.”[19] A schismatic flatters himself falsely if he asserts that he, too, has been washed in the waters of regeneration. Indeed Augustine would reply to such a man: “The branch has the same form when it has been cut off from the vine; but of what profit for it is the form, if it does not live from the root?”




    The life of Pope Pius IX and the great events in the history of the Church during his pontificate

    By John Gilmary Shea, published 1877

    pgs. 97 - 103

    https://archive.org/details/TheLifeOfPopePiusIX1877



    Quote
    In an allocution to the cardinals on the Consistory of the 17th of December, 1847, Pius IX. congratulated the sacred college on the renewal of a cordial understanding with Spain, by means of which he had been enabled to appoint a number of bishops in that country once so devoted  to the Church. He alluded too to the favorable appearance of the Catholic cause in Russia, and repudiated certain theories ascribed to him. Against religious indifferentism so zealously advocated in our days, and made as it were a state creed, he said : "It is assuredly not unknown to you, venerable brethren, that in our times many of the enemies of the Catholic faith especially direct their efforts toward placing every monstrous opinion on the same level with the doctrine of Christ, or of confounding it therewith, and so they try more and more to propagate that impious system of the indifference of religions.

    But quite recently, we shudder to say it, men have appeared who have thrown such reproaches upon our name and apostolic dignity, that they do not hesitate to slander us, as if we shared in their folly and favored the aforesaid most wicked system. From the measures, in no' wise incompatible with the sanctity of the  Catholic religion, which, in certain affairs relating to the civil government of the Pontifical States, we thought fit in kindness to adopt, as tending to the public advantage and prosperity, and from the amnesty graciously bestowed upon some of the subjects of the same States at the beginning of our pontificate, it appears that these men have desired to infer that we think so benevolently concerning every, class of mankind, as to suppose that not only the sons of the Church, but that the rest also, however alienated from Catholic unity they may remain, are alike in the way of salvation, and may arrive at everlasting life."

    We are at a loss from horror to find words to express our detestation of this new and atrocious injustice that is done us. We do indeed love all mankind with the inmost affection of our heart, yet not otherwise than in the love of God, and of our Lord Jesus Christ, who came to  seek and to save that which had perished, who died for all, who wills all men to be saved, and to come to the knowledge of the truth ; who therefore sent his disciples into the whole world to preach the gospel to every creature, proclaiming that they who should believe and be baptized should be saved, but they who should believe not should be condemned ; who therefore will be saved let them come to the pillar and ground of faith, which is the Church; let them come to the true Church of Christ, which in its bishops and in the Roman Pontiff, the chief head of all, has the succession of apostolical authority, never at any time interrupted; which has never counted aught of greater moment than to preach and by all means to keep and defend the doctrine proclaim ed by the apostles, by Christ's command; which, from the apostles' time downward, has increased in the midst of difficulties of every kind ; and being illustrious through out the whole world by the splendor of miracles, multiplied by the blood of martyrs, exalted by the virtues of confessors and virgins, strengthened by the most wise testimonies of the fathers, hath flourished and doth flourish in all the regions of the earth, and shines refulgent in the perfect unity of the faith, of sacraments, and of holy discipline."


    Let me paraphrase the above excerpt:


    Pius IX



    Quote
    Allocution to the cardinals on the Consistory of the 17th of December, 1847, Pius IX:

    It is assuredly not unknown to you, venerable brethren, that in our times many of the enemies of the Catholic faith especially direct their efforts toward placing every monstrous opinion on the same level with the doctrine of Christ, or of confounding it therewith, and so they try more and more to propagate that impious system of the indifference of religions.

    But quite recently, we shudder to say it, men have appeared who have thrown such reproaches upon our name and apostolic dignity, that they do not hesitate to slander us, as if we shared in their folly and favored the aforesaid most wicked system.

    (. . .) as to suppose that not only the sons of the Church, but that the rest also, however alienated from Catholic unity they may remain, are alike in the way of salvation, and may arrive at everlasting life."

    We are at a loss from horror to find words to express our detestation of this new and atrocious injustice that is done us.
    2 Corinthians 4:3-4 

    And if our gospel be also hid, it is hid to them that are lost, In whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of unbelievers, that the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God, should not shine unto them.

    Offline trad123

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    Re: Who Can be Saved? By Card Avery Dulles
    « Reply #93 on: March 06, 2020, 11:28:17 PM »
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  • Pope Gregory XVI - 1832
    Summo Iugiter Studio, On Mixed Marriages

    https://www.papalencyclicals.net/Greg16/g16summo.htm


    Quote
    Quote
    2. Therefore, guided by the example of Our predecessors, We are grieved to hear reports from your dioceses which indicate that some of the people committed to your care freely encourage mixed marriages. Furthermore, they are promoting opinions contrary to the Catholic faith:


    (. . .)


    Finally some of these misguided people attempt to persuade themselves and others that men are not saved only in the Catholic religion, but that even heretics may attain eternal life.

    2 Corinthians 4:3-4 

    And if our gospel be also hid, it is hid to them that are lost, In whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of unbelievers, that the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God, should not shine unto them.

    Offline trad123

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    Re: Who Can be Saved? By Card Avery Dulles
    « Reply #94 on: March 06, 2020, 11:35:36 PM »
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  • The Athanasian Creed

    http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02033b.htm


    Quote
    Whosoever will be saved, before all things it is necessary that he hold the Catholic Faith. Which Faith except everyone do keep whole and undefiled, without doubt he shall perish everlastingly.

    2 Corinthians 4:3-4 

    And if our gospel be also hid, it is hid to them that are lost, In whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of unbelievers, that the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God, should not shine unto them.


    Online Stubborn

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    Re: Who Can be Saved? By Card Avery Dulles
    « Reply #95 on: March 07, 2020, 10:54:02 AM »
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  • St. Alphonsus was not rebutting BOD in this commentary.  He teaches BOD as part of this very same commentary, in the very next paragraph.


    An Exposition and Defence of All the Points of Faith Discussed and Defined by the Sacred Council of Trent, Along With the Refutation of the Errors of the Pretended Reformers.
    No, he is not, not in that commentary. In that commentary, he is clearly talking strictly about justification, certainly not salvation.
     
    "But Peter and the apostles answering, said: We ought to obey God, rather than men." - Acts 5:29

    The Highest Principle in the Church: "We are first of all under obedience to God, and only then under obedience to man" - Fr. Hesse

    Offline Clemens Maria

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    Re: Who Can be Saved? By Card Avery Dulles
    « Reply #96 on: March 18, 2020, 05:47:07 PM »
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  • It is evident that the idea that non-Catholics can be saved is something new.  Here is Dom Gueranger (Liturgical Year, Tuesday, Third Week of Lent):

    Quote
    And lastly, let us not pass by unnoticed this other sentence, which has a close relation with the one we have just alluded to: If a man hear not the Church, let him be to thee as a heathen and publican.  What is this Church?  Men, to whom Jesus Christ said: 'He that heareth you, heareth Me.'(St. Luke x. 16)  Men, from whose lips comes to the world the truth, without which there is no salvation: men, who alone on earth have power to reconcile the sinner with his God, save him from the hell he has deserved, and open to him the gates of heaven.  Can we be suprised, after this, that our Saviour---who would have these men to be His instruments, and as it were, the communication between Himself and mankind---should treat as a heathen, as one that has never received Baptism, him that refuses to acknowledge their authority?  There is no revealed truth, except through their teaching; there is no salvation, except through the Sacraments which they administer; there is no hoping in Christ Jesus, except where there is submission to the spiritual laws which they promulgate.

    This quote doesn't rule out BOD but it certainly does indicate that Catholic faith and the reception of the Sacraments is necessary (in particular Baptism) as well as submission to the authority of the Church.  Which could potentially be the case for individual unbaptized catechumens.  It looks to me like Fr. Feeney was more faithful to this tradition than the post-V2 traditionalists and pre-V2 theologians who assert that non-Catholics can be saved without first converting to the Catholic faith.

    Offline Clemens Maria

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    Re: Who Can be Saved? By Card Avery Dulles
    « Reply #97 on: March 20, 2020, 07:26:27 PM »
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  • I remember on one of the other threads that Fr. Cekada was quoted as basing his belief that non-Catholics could be saved on the idea that we would have to conclude that God was cruel if the vast majority of the human race is non-Catholic and destined for hell.  I hope I'm not exaggerating his position.  I think that was the general gist of it.  In any case, I offer this quote from The Imitation of Christ as an answer to that concern:

    Quote
    Not Searching Into High Matters Nor Into the Secret Judgments of God

    Christ:
    Son, see thou dispute not of high matters, nor of the hidden judgments of God; why this man is left thus, and this other is raised to so great a grace, or why this person is so much afflicted and that other so highly exalted.

    These things are above the reach of man, neither can any reason or discourse penetrate into the judgments of God.

    When, therefore, the enemy suggests to thee such things as these, or thou hearest curious men inquiring into them, answer with the prophet: "Thou art just, O Lord, and Thy judgment is right." -- Ps. CXVIII. 137.

    And again: "The judgments of the Lord are true, justified in themselves." -- Ps. XVIII. 10.

    My judgments are to be feared, not to be searched into; for they are incomprehensible to human understanding.  -- Rom. XI. 23.

    ...

    I foreknew My beloved ones before the creation; I chose them out of the world; they did not first choose Me. -- John XV. 16.

    My Imitation of Christ, Thomas a Kempis, (c) 1982, Confraternity of the Precious Blood, Book Three, Chapter 58, p. 368.

    I don't think concern for the salvation of those who died outside the Church should be the foundation of any Catholic theology.  If we can't find support for it in Sacred Scripture nor in the tradition of the Church, theological propositions should be immediately ruled out.  And we find nothing in Sacred Scripture nor in the tradition of the Church to support salvation for non-Catholics.  Instead, we find that 3 times it was clearly and explicitly defined that those who die outside the Church are damned.  No need to search into why that is.  We can just accept that all of Our Lord's judgments are true and just.


    Offline In Principio

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    Re: Who Can be Saved? By Card Avery Dulles
    « Reply #98 on: March 22, 2020, 03:58:37 PM »
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  • None?


    https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3XYAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false

    Sermons II (20-50) on the Old Testament

    pgs. 107-108
    Ah, part of it's from Sermon 27 on the Old Testament.  I had checked Sermon 27 on the New Testament.  Nice work.
     "The faithful should obey the apostolic advice not to know more than is necessary, but to know in moderation." - Pope Clement XIII, In Dominico Agro (1761) 

    Offline In Principio

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    Re: Who Can be Saved? By Card Avery Dulles
    « Reply #99 on: March 22, 2020, 04:00:31 PM »
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  • If this is so, please quote the whole sermon
    Part of the quote is from St. Augustine's Sermon 27 on the Old Testament, as Trad123 pointed out and provided links to.  I had only checked Sermon 27 of the New Testament.

    The sentences in the quote are pieced together from four different writings.  The first two sentences are Fr. Van Der Meer in his 1961 book "Augustine the Bishop.  The next three sentences are from St. Augustine's Sermon 27 on the Old Testament.  The fourth sentence is from St. Augustine's book "On Marriage and Concupiscence."  The fifth sentence is from St. Augustine's Tractate 13 on the Gospel of John (verses 22-29)
     "The faithful should obey the apostolic advice not to know more than is necessary, but to know in moderation." - Pope Clement XIII, In Dominico Agro (1761) 

    Offline In Principio

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    Re: Who Can be Saved? By Card Avery Dulles
    « Reply #100 on: March 22, 2020, 04:02:27 PM »
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  • No, he is not, not in that commentary. In that commentary, he is clearly talking strictly about justification, certainly not salvation.
     
    The commentary I posted was the same commentary from which you posted the first paragraph, and said it  was St. Alphonsus' rebuttal against BOD.  The full commentary shows he was not rebutting BOD, as he teaches it in the very next paragraph of that same commentary.
     "The faithful should obey the apostolic advice not to know more than is necessary, but to know in moderation." - Pope Clement XIII, In Dominico Agro (1761) 


    Offline Ladislaus

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    Re: Who Can be Saved? By Card Avery Dulles
    « Reply #101 on: March 22, 2020, 04:06:36 PM »
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  • I remember on one of the other threads that Fr. Cekada was quoted as basing his belief that non-Catholics could be saved on the idea that we would have to conclude that God was cruel if the vast majority of the human race is non-Catholic and destined for hell.  I hope I'm not exaggerating his position.  I think that was the general gist of it. 

    You're not exaggerating.  LastTrad has the quote handy and could probably post it.

    Offline In Principio

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    Re: Who Can be Saved? By Card Avery Dulles
    « Reply #102 on: March 22, 2020, 04:07:06 PM »
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  • St Alphonsus is free to give his opinion on how justification works, but he's contrary to Trent, which gave the Church the clear requirements.  A Doctor of the Church CANNOT EVER add to, or edit Church teachings.  Trent is quite clear on the requirements, preparations and beliefs required for justification and baptism.  There's really nothing to add to the discussion; it's all there.
    St. Alphonsus and St. Robert Bellarmine, among others, don't just teach how justification works, they teach that Trent teaches BOD, and cite it as such. 

    it's no longer a question, then, of what Trent teaches vs. what St. Alphonsus and St. Robert Bellarmine teaches.  it's a question of what we understand Trent  to be teaching vs. what St. Alphonsus and St. Robert Bellarmine understood Trent to be teaching.  If we understand Trent Session 6, Chapter 4 to not be teaching BOD, then our reading and understanding of Trent is contrary to how St. Alphonsus and St. Robert Bellarmine's read and understood the same words.  Either we aren't understanding Trent correctly, or both St. Alphonsus and St. Robert Bellarmine didn't understand Trent.
     "The faithful should obey the apostolic advice not to know more than is necessary, but to know in moderation." - Pope Clement XIII, In Dominico Agro (1761) 

    Offline donkath

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    Re: Who Can be Saved? By Card Avery Dulles
    « Reply #103 on: March 23, 2020, 12:01:20 AM »
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  • Quote
    This quote doesn't rule out BOD but it certainly does indicate that Catholic faith and the reception of the Sacraments is necessary (in particular Baptism) as well as submission to the authority of the Church.  Which could potentially be the case for individual unbaptized catechumens.  It looks to me like Fr. Feeney was more faithful to this tradition than the post-V2 traditionalists and pre-V2 theologians who assert that non-Catholics can be saved without first converting to the Catholic faith.

    The following quote was taken from The Loyolas and the Cabots : Ch. 24 P.92 of the pdf.   In the Boston heresy case it was written to refute 'Vatican sources' as being faithful interpreters of true doctrine.


    ‘A dogma admits to no exception. There can be cases that require careful attention to show how they fit in the dogma. But a dogma is absolute in its own order and cannot be destroyed by evasions and doubtful terminology.

    “‘Every actual grace given to a person outside the church is given for the purpose of leading him into it. It is only after a man is in the Catholic faith that the rest of his sanctification can go on. Faith is the beginning of salvation.

    “‘The definite impression everyone gets from the statements of liberal Catholic theologians is opposite to that which the dogma intended to convey. This is bad teaching and the Church is intended to teach and teach clearly.

    “‘Due to the confusion of new terms introduced by contemporary theologians we feel that there is an urgent need for a reaffirmation of the dogma of no salvation outside the Church by the living voice of the infallible guardian of the faith. Therefore, as faithful children of Holy Mother the Church we entreat His Holiness Pope Pius XII to make an ex cathedra pronouncement.'”

    [...]

    However, we had come to learn not to take too seriously reports purporting to come from “Vatican authorities” or “unofficial Vatican sources”. We knew by this time that Liberalism was world-wide, and that it had reached even into the Vatican. We realized it was possible, unfortunately, to have Popes who were Liberal. The one time it was not possible to fear Liberalism in papal utterance would be when a Pope spoke ex cathedra, or infallibly.”  A Pope might refuse to define ex cathedra, and limit himself to encyclical letters and allocutions. And any one of these latter might be suspect of Liberal outlook. But once the Pope pronounced ex cathedra, we knew that pronouncement to be divinely protected against error. (An example of this is the famous bull of Pope Boniface VIII, Unam Sanctam, of November 18, 1302. The whole bull is the preamble to one infallible pronouncement, which is: “Further, we declare, say, define and pronounce that it is absolutely necessary for the salvation of every human creature to be subject to the Roman Pontiff.”)

    Two sentences in the first three paragraphs of Mr. Humphrey’s report to the New York Herald Tribune also reassured us that the article need not be taken too seriously. The first sentence was:
    “The priests who interpret church policy through endless research in the Vatican archives said flatly...”

    Now, the Boston heresy dispute did not center around an interpretation of Church policy, but rather concerned an interpretation of Church doctrine. Doctrine is not subject to Church policy, nor are its safeguards those who make endless research in the Vatican archives and speak flatly to the Press.

    The Jesuit weekly America was also to confuse this point of doctrine and policy in a day or two with an assertion which was tantamount to saying that the dogma “No Salvation Outside the Church” had held for the Arian, the Pelagian, the Monophysite, the Albigensian and all other heresies up to 1517, but after the Protestant heresy, all was changed. This dogma has a new interpretation “since the Reformation”. We knew that this was not true. The very purpose of placing the truths of the Faith into dogmatic form was to guard against the possibility of change or misinterpretation. The dogmas are cast in a dead language (Latin) as a further safeguard against even the change of meaning which a living language might give, in the course of time.

    We were, therefore, not impressed with the opinion of “priests who interpret church policy through endless research in the Vatican archives” in so far as they held interpretation of defined dogma which was contrary to the definitions of the Popes and Councils.

    ___________________________

    A Catholic Dictionary, Donald Attwater, Macmillan, New York, 1943, p. 267. Infallibility of the Pope. “The Vatican Council (1870) declared it to be a dogma of divine revelation that when the Roman Pontiff speaks ex cathedra- that is, when he, using his office as shepherd and teacher of all Christians, in virtue of his apostolic authority, defines a doctrine of faith and morals to be held by the whole Church- he, by the divine assistance promised him in blessed Peter, possesses that infallibility with which the divine Redeemer was pleased to invest his Church in the definition of doctrine on faith and morals, and that, therefore, such doctrines of the Roman Pontiff are irreformable in their own nature and not because of the consent of the Church.’ Note that this infallibility refers only to teaching concerning faith and morals, and then only when the pope speaks officially as teacher addressing the whole Church with the intention of obliging its members to assent to his definition and his intention must be manifest, though not necessarily expressed): that neither impeccability nor inspiration (qq.v.) are claimed; that infallibility is personal with the pope and independent of the consent of the Church. This doctrine the Vatican Fathers declared to be ‘a tradition handed down from the beginning of the Christian faith,’ that it was implicit (q.v.) in the teaching of the Church up to that time. Infallibility does not by any means do away with the necessity of study and learning, but simply under certain conditions guarantees that the conclusions drawn from study and learning are free from error; the pope’s knowledge is not infused into him by God; he gains it just as does any other man. But he is assisted, watched over, by the Holy Spirit so that he does not use his authority and his knowledge to mislead the Church at the times and under the conditions stated above.”
    ..
    "In His wisdom," says St. Gregory, "almighty God preferred rather to bring good out of evil than never allow evil to occur."

    Online Stubborn

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    Re: Who Can be Saved? By Card Avery Dulles
    « Reply #104 on: March 23, 2020, 05:32:11 AM »
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  • The commentary I posted was the same commentary from which you posted the first paragraph, and said it  was St. Alphonsus' rebuttal against BOD.  The full commentary shows he was not rebutting BOD, as he teaches it in the very next paragraph of that same commentary.
    No, he is not teaching it. The next paragraph speaks of justification, not salvation: "Soave says that at least the implicit desire of Baptism (the same holds for penance in regards to sinners) appeared to many of the fathers not to be necessary for justification:"

    The next paragraph he teaches: "In the fourth canon the words, licet omnia singulis necessaria non sint, were afterwards inserted.  By this canon it was intended to condemn Luther, who asserts that none of the sacraments is absolutely necessary for salvation, because as has been already said, he ascribed all salvation to faith, and nothing to the efficacy of the sacraments".

    I'm not sure what it is with BODers and the word "desire". It is as if - no, not "as if" - rather, they *actually do* completely abandon what is actually being taught, decreed and/or defined, and replace it with a salvation via no sacrament at all, which, as St. Alphonsus says directly above, is a doctrine of Luther.  
    "But Peter and the apostles answering, said: We ought to obey God, rather than men." - Acts 5:29

    The Highest Principle in the Church: "We are first of all under obedience to God, and only then under obedience to man" - Fr. Hesse