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Author Topic: What exactly does the CCC say on EENS? Does it say non-Christians can be saved?  (Read 4072 times)

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Offline Pax Vobis

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Those who, through no fault of their own, do not know the Gospel of Christ or his Church, but who nevertheless seek God with a sincere heart, and, moved by grace, try in their actions to do his will as they know it through the dictates of their conscience - those too may achieve eternal salvation.337
XavierSem, you have not grasped the cunningly erroneous explanation above, which gives the impression that an invincibly ignorant person can be saved in his invincible ignorance, without converting.  This is the heretical error and the ambiguously grave scandal which V2 proposes.
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This is the same heretical error which +ABL and +Fellay propose:  That non-catholics can be saved "IN" false religions.  This is categorically wrong.  The MANNER in which they explain it is heresy.  I cannot say what they believe personally, but their explanation is anti-catholic.  Let me explain.
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As you quote St Alphonsus, who quoted St Thomas, who said:
If anyone was brought up in the wilds, or even among brute beasts, and if he followed the law of natural reason, to desire what is good, and to avoid what is wicked, we should certainly believe either that God, by an internal inspiration, would reveal to him what he should believe, or would send someone to preach the Faith to him, as he sent Peter to Cornelius.
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This explanation is quite orthodox, but it does not agree with V2, +ABL or +Fellay.  Because St Thomas is describing where God sends to the ignorant native someone to preach the Faith to him and the native accepts the Faith and converts, as did Cornelius with St Peter.
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THE IGNORANT NATIVE CANNOT SAVE HIS SOUL UNLESS HE CONVERTS.  Ergo, HE IS NO LONGER A HINDU OR A MUSLIM OR A PAGAN INDIAN - He is now 100% Catholic!  By accepting the Catholic Faith, he necessarily MUST reject his former religion because the 2 are diametrically opposed!
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So we cannot say that a hindu or muslim can be saved "IN" their false religion or "in spite of" their false religion.  We cannot say that a pagan can be saved "through the dictates of their conscience" and leave the explanation at that.  This is a lie!  We must say that ONLY catholics get to heaven.  If there are ignorant pagans or hindus or muslims or protestants out there of good will, they will NOT be saved "IN" their false religions but only through the Catholic Faith, which requires them to REJECT their false religion before they become a member.


Online Ladislaus

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Just wondering, do you have a source for the Fr. Cekada thing?

I tried finding it for a while but couldn't.  It's been cited here on CathInfo a number of times.  I'll try to dig it up.


Offline Last Tradhican

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Just wondering, do you have a source for the Fr. Cekada thing?
The SSPV, The Roman Catholic,  Fall 2003, p. 7: “With the strict, literal interpretation of this doctrine, however, I must take issue, for if I read and understand the strict interpreters correctly, nowhere is allowance made for invincible ignorance, conscience, or good faith on the part of those who are not actual or formal members of the Church at the moment of death.  It is inconceivable to me that, of all the billions of non-Catholics who have died in the past nineteen and one-half centuries, none of them were in good faith in this matter and, if they were, I simply refuse to believe that hell is their eternal destiny.”
The Vatican II church - Assisting Souls to Hell Since 1962

For there shall arise false Christs and false prophets, and shall show great signs and wonders, insomuch as to deceive (if possible) even the elect. Mat 24:24

Online Ladislaus

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The SSPV, The Roman Catholic,  Fall 2003, p. 7: “... I simply refuse to believe that hell is their eternal destiny.”

Thank you for finding this.

This sentence speaks volumes.  "Refuse to believe".  Not that he's persuaded by theological argument not to believe it, but he "simply refuses to believe" (aka an act of the will) ... to which St. Thomas Aquinas attributes all error and heresy.

Offline Pax Vobis

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It’s a scary thought that most all sedevacantists look to Fr Cekada as an expert theologian.  


Offline Last Tradhican

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Thank you for finding this.

This sentence speaks volumes.  "Refuse to believe".  Not that he's persuaded by theological argument not to believe it, but he "simply refuses to believe" (aka an act of the will) ... to which St. Thomas Aquinas attributes all error and heresy.
At least he was honest. I think that is the reason all BODers are so thickheaded, there is scarcely one that limits it to baptism of desire of the catechumen. And the reason why they think that way I believe is:

#1 they think that Hell is an amorphous solid mass of horrific punishments
#2 they think that people are just born into a situation and God has to deal with them then.
#3 they think that clear dogma has to be interpreted by theologians

If I have the time it would be good to start a thread based on this Cekada admittance.  
The Vatican II church - Assisting Souls to Hell Since 1962

For there shall arise false Christs and false prophets, and shall show great signs and wonders, insomuch as to deceive (if possible) even the elect. Mat 24:24

Offline ByzCat3000

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I don't like Fr. Cekada's argument there.  If its true, its true, and I accept it.  My only issue is I'm not persuaded that the Church actually teaches that, for the reasons I'm already stated.

All that being said, regarding Last Tridachian's points, I knew that there were different levels of punishment in Hell, but i assumed they all (except for Limbo) would be horrific.  And I'm not sure dogmas don't have to be interpreted by theologians, why would we say they don't?

Online Ladislaus

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At least he was honest. 

Yes he was ... in one of the rare few times I've seen one of the BoDers admit their true motivation.


Offline Stubborn

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And I'm not sure dogmas don't have to be interpreted by theologians, why would we say they don't?
Dogmas always mean what they say - and always maintain that same meaning forever, as the dogma as decreed at V1 states:

Hence, too,that meaning of the sacred dogmas is ever to be maintained which has once been declared by holy mother church, and there must never be any abandonment of this sense under the pretext or in the name of a more profound understanding.

Per V1, no one is even allowed to interpret dogma, the Church saw to it that there is no need for it and in fact, it would seem that one disagrees with both it, and the Church's infallibility when they feel the need to interpret it.

Dogmas are not new ideas, dogmas are basically doctrines defined ex cathedra and have been part of tradition since the time of the Apostles. They have either been debated amongst theologians, sometimes for many centuries, then at some point after all debating has exhausted itself, finally the pope closes the matter ex cathedra (this is what  many wish would happen regarding a BOD), or they are doctrines that have always been believed like Our Lady's Assumption into heaven, that finally are defined ex cathedra for a clearer understanding among all the faithful.


When it comes to the EENS dogma, Fr. Wathen states clearly what typically occurs:

"Almost everybody who writes or comments on this subject explains the doctrine by explaining it away, as we shall see further on. He begins by affirming the truth of the axiom, Extra Ecciesiam, etc., and ends by denying it-while continuing to insist vigorously that he is not doing so. He seems to think it a clever thing to state the formula, then to weasel out of it. What he ought to do is one of two things: either admit that he does not believe this dogma (and also in the same breath, that he does not believe in the Dogma of the Church's Infallibility); or he should allow for the possibility that there is something about the Catholic Doctrine of Salvation of which he is unaware, or which he refuses to accept, or has been misled into denying".

"But Peter and the apostles answering, said: We ought to obey God, rather than men." - Acts 5:29

The Highest Principle in the Church: "We are first of all under obedience to God, and only then under obedience to man" - Fr. Hesse

Offline ByzCat3000

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Dogmas always mean what they say - and always maintain that same meaning forever, as the dogma as decreed at V1 states:

Hence, too,that meaning of the sacred dogmas is ever to be maintained which has once been declared by holy mother church, and there must never be any abandonment of this sense under the pretext or in the name of a more profound understanding.

Per V1, no one is even allowed to interpret dogma, the Church saw to it that there is no need for it and in fact, it would seem that one disagrees with both it, and the Church's infallibility when they feel the need to interpret it.

Dogmas are not new ideas, dogmas are basically doctrines defined ex cathedra and have been part of tradition since the time of the Apostles. They have either been debated amongst theologians, sometimes for many centuries, then at some point after all debating has exhausted itself, finally the pope closes the matter ex cathedra (this is what  many wish would happen regarding a BOD), or they are doctrines that have always been believed like Our Lady's Assumption into heaven, that finally are defined ex cathedra for a clearer understanding among all the faithful.


When it comes to the EENS dogma, Fr. Wathen states clearly what typically occurs:

"Almost everybody who writes or comments on this subject explains the doctrine by explaining it away, as we shall see further on. He begins by affirming the truth of the axiom, Extra Ecciesiam, etc., and ends by denying it-while continuing to insist vigorously that he is not doing so. He seems to think it a clever thing to state the formula, then to weasel out of it. What he ought to do is one of two things: either admit that he does not believe this dogma (and also in the same breath, that he does not believe in the Dogma of the Church's Infallibility); or he should allow for the possibility that there is something about the Catholic Doctrine of Salvation of which he is unaware, or which he refuses to accept, or has been misled into denying".
I find the constant assumption that those who hold to the possibility of being inside the Church without being a visible member are just being emotional or looking for loopholes a bit irritating.  I assume you'd also accuse Archbishop Lefebvre of the same?  Was he a modernist?

I find, philosophically, the idea that any text whatsoever does not need any interpretation whatsoever to be absurd.  I agree that this concept can be abused by modernists, who want to make texts believe something completely different than what it originally meant, and I think that's what Vatican I was trying to rule out (certainly it still happened, however.)  But the idea that there was no development, whatsoever, between the early church and Vatican I, seems impossible to defend either.

Honestly, I find the witch hunts on both sides kind of irritating.  I find it irritating when the Feeneyites get called extremists, and I find it irritating when Baptism of Desire advocates get called modernists.  I mean, I think we should be discussing these things, but ultimately we agree on  lot more than we don't.  And I still haven't seen anywhere *near* sufficient proof, either something absolutely irrrefutable from the past, or actual Vatican action, that would lead me to believe that either side is definitively heretical.

Offline Stubborn

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I find, philosophically, the idea that any text whatsoever does not need any interpretation whatsoever to be absurd.  I agree that this concept can be abused by modernists, who want to make texts believe something completely different than what it originally meant, and I think that's what Vatican I was trying to rule out (certainly it still happened, however.)  But the idea that there was no development, whatsoever, between the early church and Vatican I, seems impossible to defend either.
Dogmas may not be interpreted. Further explanation to better or more easily accept I can see. But interpret that which comes from the mouth of God? No.

When Trent comes right out and says the sacrament of Baptism is not optional and whoever says it is, is anathema, and natural water must be used - what is there to interpret? When the thrice defined dogma (EENS) comes right out and says there is no hope for salvation outside of the Catholic Church - what is there to interpret? I am asking a sincere question.

Remember, we are bound under pain of mortal sin to believe what dogmas say. As such, it is impossible for the Holy Ghost to give us an ambiguous dogma, or one that is not crystal clear forever or that has contradicting meaning. The Dogmas as decreed are clear and in apodictic terms lest the Holy Ghost be responsible for our sin through a misunderstanding of what they say.  
"But Peter and the apostles answering, said: We ought to obey God, rather than men." - Acts 5:29

The Highest Principle in the Church: "We are first of all under obedience to God, and only then under obedience to man" - Fr. Hesse


Offline Pax Vobis

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I find the constant assumption that those who hold to the possibility of being inside the Church without being a visible member are just being emotional or looking for loopholes a bit irritating.
The reason that the benefit of the doubt is not given is because this type of modernist thinking has been around for over 200 years, since the early 1800s.  It was also around before that, when 3 other councils in the history of the Church defined dogmas which condemned such thinking.  This attack against the doctrine of exclusive salvation is a never-ending attack.  V2 brought it up again, and now 95% of catholics are infected with this error, to some degree.

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I assume you'd also accuse Archbishop Lefebvre of the same?  Was he a modernist?
I would say, based on some of his answers, that he was infected with Modernism.  We all are, in some areas of our life.  Pope St Pius X said that Modernism is the "synthesis of all heresies."  It's prideful to think any of us is immune.

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I find, philosophically, the idea that any text whatsoever does not need any interpretation whatsoever to be absurd.
The Church has ruled that, except where She has said that texts of the Bible are symbolic, that Scripture is to be read with a literal interpretation.  When the Church gathers all Cardinals, Bishops and theologians together for a council, in order to condemn errors and teach doctrine, She spends months and years to formulate the doctrinal statements so that they are clear, concise, and simple to understand.  This is Her purpose - to teach simply so that even a child can understand the Faith.  So, yes, doctrines are meant to be read in a literal sense, especially since they come from the Pope, through his power of infallibility, wherein God protects him from error in teaching truth.

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But the idea that there was no development, whatsoever, between the early church and Vatican I, seems impossible to defend either.
It depends what you mean by development.  Modernists want to define development as meaning that doctrine "changes over time" to "suit the needs of man in each age".  This is totally heretical.  The Faith which Christ gave to the Apostles, which they preached to all the nations, which was handed down to the Church Fathers, which has been handed down 2,000 years to us is absolutely, 100% the same - with nothing added, edited or removed.  This is why Tradition and doctrine is said to be believed "everywhere, always and by all."
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However, we can say that doctrine "improves" in the sense that by prayer, apparitions and enlightenments of Saints, God gives greater understanding, depth and wisdom concerning the Divine Truths which doctrines seek to explain.  This does not mean that doctrine changes; it just means that God gives us more details.  Our simple minds can never fully understand Divine Truths, which is why we will continue to learn for all eternity about God, if we make it to heaven.
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Honestly, I find the witch hunts on both sides kind of irritating.  I find it irritating when the Feeneyites get called extremists, and I find it irritating when Baptism of Desire advocates get called modernists.  I mean, I think we should be discussing these things, but ultimately we agree on  lot more than we don't.  And I still haven't seen anywhere *near* sufficient proof, either something absolutely irrrefutable from the past, or actual Vatican action, that would lead me to believe that either side is definitively heretical.
It's important to remember that this debate over baptism of desire/blood is party based on doctrine and partly based on theological speculation.  There is gray area here; the Church has yet to teach on this with 100% clarity.  The contention is over the boundaries of the gray area.
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Feeneyites/St Thomas-ites would say the gray area is small.  BOD only concerns a small, unique situation.  Most others, due to the liberalism since the 1800s, the anti-St Thomas modernists of the 1900s and the freemasonic V2 of 1960 - say that the gray area affects all non-catholics, since God's mercy is limitless.

Offline ByzCat3000

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Dogmas may not be interpreted. Further explanation to better or more easily accept I can see. But interpret that which comes from the mouth of God? No.

The Bible comes from the mouth of God, right?  2 Tim 3:16-17?  Yet, contra the Protestants, even that needs to be interpreted.  "Further explanation to better or more easily see" is a type of interpretation.

What do you interpret "interpretation" to mean?  We might be talking about different contexts.

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When Trent comes right out and says the sacrament of Baptism is not optional and whoever says it is, is anathema, and natural water must be used - what is there to interpret?
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Trent here is condemning Protestants, who think baptism is an optional add on to salvation in some way, whether it be Baptists who think its something you do *after* you get saved, or many of the Reformed who say baptism is a covenant sign like circuмcision but doesn't actually contribute to your salvation.  I don't think its condemning, or addressing, those who say baptism is *not* optional, that neglect or contempt for it is damnable, and yet believe God saves by baptism of desire those who are *unable* to receive the sacrament despite recognizing its non-optional nature and desiring to receive it. (Note: this logic applies even if BOD is false.)  

I think the key word here is "optional."

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When the thrice defined dogma (EENS) comes right out and says there is no hope for salvation outside of the Catholic Church - what is there to interpret? I am asking a sincere question.
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In terms of what it immediately says, there's nothing up for debate.  There is no hope for salvation outside of the Catholic Church.

The issue of debate, and where interpretation is needed, is when it comes to defining what, *precisely* it means to be "outside."  Augustine (see the first two paragraphs of Letter 43) apparently believed at least some Donatists, despite *appearing* to be outside the Church, might not deserve to be regarded as heretics.  Lefebvre, at least presumably (I'm choosing to interpret him charitably) wouldn't have said you could be saved outside the Church, but rather, would have said that those who, outside the visible bounds of membership, were saved by God's grace despite their religions would, in fact, be inside the Church despite a lack of personal knowledge of it.

And that's ultimately what the debate seems to come down to, whether *visible membership* in the Church is *absolutely* necessary to be inside it.  It seems like not only almost all Novus Ordo theologians, but also the majority of trads, are disputing that.  Based on that, I'd need to see *overwhelming proof* before I start saying that that view is heretical and that all the people who hold to it are, at the least, material heretics.  I haven't seen that kind of evidence.  Florence doesn't say that.  Florence seems to be plausibly able to be interpreted as referring to *formal* heretics and schismatics as being damned, without saying definitively who those people are.  The same seems to be true for the other two definitions of EENS.

I'm not sure why its *obvious* that there's a 1 to 1 correspondence between being inside, and being a formal and visible member, and a lot of other people (even most traditionalists) don't think that's obvious either.


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Remember, we are bound under pain of mortal sin to believe what dogmas say. As such, it is impossible for the Holy Ghost to give us an ambiguous dogma, or one that is not crystal clear forever or that has contradicting meaning. The Dogmas as decreed are clear and in apodictic terms lest the Holy Ghost be responsible for our sin through a misunderstanding of what they say.  
Sincere misunderstanding, as far as I can tell ,is not a mortal sin.  A refusal to believe is.  I just don't see how this follows.  


Offline Struthio

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I would say, based on some of his answers, that he was infected with Modernism.  We all are, in some areas of our life.  Pope St Pius X said that Modernism is the "synthesis of all heresies."  It's prideful to think any of us is immune.

Modernism is not an infection in various areas of our life.

Rather, modernism is a bag full of condemned heresies. Anyone adhering to one or more of the modernist errors described in Pascendi dominici gregis or listed in Lamentabili sane exitu is excommunicated lata sententia.

A latae sententiae penalty is a penalty with sentence already passed.


See St. Pius X.: Praestantia Scripturae, 11/18/1907


Men are not bound, or able to read hearts; but when they see that someone is a heretic by his external works, they judge him to be a heretic pure and simple ... Jerome points this out. (St. Robert Bellarmine)

Offline Pax Vobis

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ByzCat,
When you compare St Augustine and the Donatists vs Lefebvre and pagans, you are comparing apples and oranges.  The donatists were many times baptized heretics; pagans are never baptized.  A non-baptized person is absolutely, infallibly not a member of the Church.  A heretic is a former member who has separated himself by error.  The only way for a non-baptized person to become a member is to be baptized, else they are outside of the Church.  On the contrary, a heretic does not need to be re-baptized, so they can regain membership if they reject their errors, which does not need to be done publically, in the case of death.  There is more gray area when it comes to heretics due to the material/formal heresy distinction and also since they've already been baptized.  But the difference between an unbaptized pagan and a baptized heretic is extreme.  Both have different problems and different solutions.  Can't compare them at all.