There have been various ways in which Catholic writers have tended to reduce the teaching on the necessity of the Church for salvation to a meaningless formula. Among them, the following may be regarded as among the most important:
(1) A few writers, obviously unschooled in sacred theology, have simply rejected the formula itself, and thus completely denied the teaching. The unfortunate Arnold hαɾɾιs Mathew, writing during his days as a Catholic, produced teaching of this sort. He makes this statement in the chapter "Extra Ecclesiam Salus Nulla," in the symposium Ecclesia: The Church of Christ, a work which Matthew himself edited:
Now the further question arises as to how far Catholics are bound to hold that for those outside the Roman Church there is no salvation. Catholics are not bound to hold anything of the kind. [Mathew, in his chapter, "Extra Ecclesiam Salus Nulla," in the symposium, Ecclesia: The Church of Christ, edited by Arnold hαɾɾιs Mathew (London: Burns and Oates, 1906), p. 148.] Fenton