Removal of punishment due to sin, by the way, is not necessarily justification. Infants who die unbaptized are not in a state of justification. But they also lack any punishment due to sin. Where my theory comes in is that I posit that there can also be justified individuals in a Limbo state also, similar to the state the OT just were in.
When St. Ambrose spoke of a state of "washed" but not crowned, it's unclear whether he meant that they were justified or just had the punishment due to sin removed, i.e. whether this washing removed the guilt of sin or just the punishment due to sin (as mentioned, these are two different things). I believe that he meant he former. He referred to both unbaptized martyrs and people like Valentinian as washed but not crowned.