Trad123, re Billot:
Isn't a thesis a proposition which requires to be proved? Isn't what Cardinal Billot states in such no more than his judgment or opinion? Who decides if it has been demonstrated conclusively, and if/when it has attained de fide status?
Thank you.
Hi Innocenza!
“Actually a good proportion of theses set forth in the ordinary manuals of theology, as well as in the classical masterpieces of this science (theology), have been defined as of faith by the Catholic Church”
Joseph Fenton, The Concept of Sacred Theology, 1941; page 6.
This means that actually the term theses have a particular meaning and that all the theology manuals´ theses are not necessarily a matter of opinion. Usually the method followed by theologians is the enunciation of the thesis, then the author explain the meaning of the words, the theological note attached to it, who are the opponents and then he proofs it by divine revelation (Tradition and S. Scriptures), by the Magisterium of the Church and by reason, and finally it responds the objections.
To pick up one classical theological manual, that of J. Salaverri S.J. I found:
Theses 4: “Jesus promised immediately and directly to Saint Peter the Primacy of jurisdiction (supreme power)”
1) Relation of this thesis with the previous ones.
2) Notions: Here the author explains the words of the thesis.
3) Adversaries: Schismatics, Wicleff, Protestants, Gallicans, Rationalists and Modernists.
4) Teaching of the Church: from Vatican I and Leo XIII.
5) Theological note: “The thesis is de fide divina definita (defined as of divine faith) in the Council of Florence and of Vatican (DZ 694 and 1822).
6) Proof from Sacred Scriptures: which in this case is taken from Mt XVI (he proofs the text is genuine, and that the meaning of the words are those understood always by the Church, metaphor of the keys, etc)
7) Objections and Responses.
All this is almost 20 pages long! :)
See this too
http://www.space.net.au/~nethow/Sede/theolnotes.htmCristian