I recall a comment Father Feeney made in an interview that the modern versions of Trent had been edited.
I think this is going back to version published after 1850 or so.
I suspect that he was speaking of the English translations which spun the import of the
votum with the "except through" translation of "without".
He simply pointed out, correctly, that Trent was dealing with "justification" rather than "salvation", and there's solid theological precedent for that distinction. XavierSem, who was anti-Feeneyite, cited some theologians active around the time of Trent (or shortly thereafter) who made the same distinction, with one of them holding, for instance, that infidels could be justified but not saved. And the Catechism of Trent is also speaking of justification.