Pope Eugene IV, Council of Florence, "Exultate Deo," Nov. 22, 1439, ex cathedra (reminder- this means infallible): "Holy baptism, which is the gateway to the spiritual life, holds the first place among all the sacraments; through it we are made members of Christ and of the body of the Church. And since death entered the universe through the first man, 'unless we are born again of water and the Spirit, we cannot,' as the Truth says, 'enter into the kingdom of heaven' [John 3:5]. The matter of this sacrament is real and natural water."
Nobody is found in the Catholic Church, who is not baptized. This is a dogma, to deny which is heresy. There is no salvation outside the Catholic Church, and as the very first quote in the original post relates, even those outside the Church who shed their blood for the name of Christ cannot be saved.
Holy Innocents and Good Thief:
Catechism of the Council of Trent, Baptism made obligatory after Christ's Resurrection, p. 171: "Holy writers are unanimous in saying that after the Resurrection of our Lord, when He gave His Apostles the command to go and teach all nations: baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, the law of Baptism became obligatory on all who were to be saved.