Send CathInfo's owner Matthew a gift from his Amazon wish list:
https://www.amazon.com/hz/wishlist/ls/25M2B8RERL1UO

Author Topic: Was Beethoven Catholic?  (Read 805 times)

0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.

Offline SeanJohnson

  • Hero Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 15064
  • Reputation: +9980/-3161
  • Gender: Male
Was Beethoven Catholic?
« on: December 19, 2019, 08:02:42 PM »
  • Thanks!0
  • No Thanks!0
  • SEPTEMBER 7, 2016
    Beethoven and the Catholic Church


    MICHAEL DE SAPIO


    https://www.crisismagazine.com/2016/beethoven-catholic-church



    Ludwig van Beethoven, Johann Sebastian Bach, and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart form the great trinity of Western classical composers. Of the three, it is Beethoven whose religious beliefs have proven the most elusive. We know all about the devout Lutheranism of Bach, who wrote his music “for the glory of God and the refreshment of the soul”; and Mozart was a practicing Catholic, as his letters make clear. Beethoven, by contrast, was reticent about expressing his religious convictions. He is often portrayed as a child of the secular-humanist Enlightenment—a freethinking individualist whose beliefs were Deistic in nature and who had little need for church or creed. Yet Beethoven was baptized and raised a Catholic, from a Rhineland Catholic family that had emigrated from Flanders two generations before. What precise ties did this musical giant—the composer of one of the greatest Catholic Masses of all time—have with the Catholicism of his birth?

    Beethoven’s letters and notebooks give testimony to his strong belief in a personal God. One of his favorite books was a work by a Lutheran pastor called Reflections on the Works of God and His Providence Throughout All Nature, an example of the early-Romantic love of the natural world (often incorrectly labeled “pantheism”) which fed into such Beethoven works as the Pastoral Symphony. Other Beethoven quotations about God—particularly those written during the agonizing onset of his deafness—emphasize his nearness and his understanding of suffering, in language that often recalls the Psalms. Christ is invoked as a suffering fellow-man (if not as Son of God). Beethoven also frequently wrote religious inscriptions and titles on his compositions: “Grateful thanks to the Almighty after the storm,” “Holy song of thanksgiving of a convalescent to the Deity.”


    Beethoven’s mother was described as devout, and the composer started his musical life at the age of ten playing the organ at early morning Masses in Bonn. Morally, Beethoven was very upright, even “puritanical” according to some writers. Nonetheless, it is not clear that the adult Beethoven went to Mass regularly or practiced any Catholic devotions (when he became guardian to his nephew Karl, he saw to it that the boy went regularly to the sacraments). In mid-life Beethoven appears to have developed an interest in Hinduism and other eastern religions, quoting their religious texts in his notebooks. The quotations emphasize the transcendence and pure essence of God and are, in fact, not far from the doctrines of the Old Testament.


    It’s worth mentioning that one of the specialists to whom Beethoven went to treat his deafness was a Catholic priest, a Pater Weiss, who had gained a reputation in Vienna as a sort of wonder worker with the deaf.


    Throughout his career Beethoven desired to make a personal imprint upon the field of sacred music. While it’s true that some of his choral pieces (such as the Ninth Symphony) suggest the Deistic religiosity of the Enlightenment, he also wrote works that belong firmly to the orthodox Christian and Catholic tradition. First came the oratorio Christ on the Mount of Olives (1803), unusual among Passion pieces in that it concentrates on the Agony in the Garden instead of the Crucifixion. In this work, Christ is cast as a heroic tenor and the psychology of his “Agony” is exploited in both text and music. In 1807 came the radiant Mass in C major, a work of reassurance and hope. A commissioned oratorio, The Triumph of the Cross, unfortunately did not come to fruition, although Beethoven kept promising it for years. Neither Christ nor the Mass are widely performed today—a pity, since they are both fine works that docuмent Beethoven’s continuing quest for a distinctive sacred style.


    The quest was fulfilled in 1824 with the Missa Solemnis (Solemn Mass), which Beethoven called the “crown of my life’s work.” It was written to celebrate the installation as archbishop of Beethoven’s patron and close friend, Archduke Rudolph of Austria. In preparing to write it, Beethoven suddenly became interested in old religious music, studied Palestrina, the church modes and liturgical music treatises from centuries before. He also studied the Latin texts of the Mass so as to create music that closely expressed the essence of the words. Beethoven was trying to establish a connection with the past: “In the old church modes the devotion is divine … and [may] God let me express it someday.”
     

    The resulting Mass was saturated with Catholic tradition, rich with musical-religious symbolism and references to the shape of the rite itself. To cite just a few some examples: fluttering flute bird-calls representing the Holy Spirit, a hovering violin suggesting Christ’s presence on the Eucharistic altar, and imitations of organ preluding during the Eucharistic rite.

    The Missa exemplifies Beethoven’s “late style.” Its gigantic dimensions—in terms of length, difficulty, and size of performing forces—preclude actual liturgical use; like the Mass in C major, it is intended for the concert hall rather than the church. Now totally deaf, Beethoven heard his music only in his head, and what he heard was often mystical, cosmic, boundary-pushing—music that sounds ancient and modern at the same time. The Missa Solemnis is one of the greatest Catholic Masses and one of the most powerful religious compositions of all time, in a class with Bach’s Mass in B Minor and the best of Haydn and Mozart.

    Beethoven had plans to write another Mass after the Missa Solemnis, but it didn’t come to pass. In March 1827, racked by a congeries of illnesses, he lay at the point of death. On the suggestion of his doctor, Beethoven consented to being given last rites by a priest; afterwards, the composer exclaimed: “I thank you, ghostly sir! You have brought me comfort!” That the priest allowed a Catholic burial and high requiem Mass for Beethoven would seem to indicate that he thought Beethoven died a believer.


    But did he indeed? Did Beethoven die in union with the Church? We can’t know for certain, but there are hints that Beethoven, while firmly committed to “enlightened” values, came eventually to realize their limitations and strove to go beyond them. His violent retraction of the dedication of his Third Symphony to Napoleon Bonaparte in 1804 signaled a disillusionment with secular messianism. And his sacred music, in particular the Missa Solemnis, reached backwards to the Catholic past in many ways.


    Nonetheless, some authors have attempted to “de-Catholicize” the Missa Solemnis, as if Beethoven couldn’t possibly have believed in the words he was setting. It is argued that he wrote the work to honor Archduke Rudolph; that he desired to prove himself in the hallowed form of the Mass, as many great composers before him had done; and that he employed the Catholic Mass as a peg on which to hang his personal beliefs, broadening it into Deist universalism. Author Jan Swafford falls into this pattern of thinking in his recent Beethoven: Anguish and Triumph, in spite of his brilliant analysis of the Missa. He informs us that “In the end the Missa Solemnis is Beethoven’s personal faith as an individual reaching toward God, not an assertion of the credos and dogmas of the Holy Roman and Apostolic Church…. He created a mass that subsumed the doctrines and the physical rite of the church … but he turns them into something both personal and universal …. person to person, without priests.” The possibility that Beethoven’s Mass is exactly what it proclaims itself to be—a statement of faith in Christ and the Church—or that in writing it Beethoven may have been reaching back to the original universalism of Catholicism, is unthinkable!


    With greater perception, the Catholic Encyclopedia calls the Missa a “mighty profession of faith in a personal God by one of the greatest geniuses of all times, who composed it in the midst of the growing doubt and impending moral and spiritual disintegration of his age.” That word “disintegration” was well chosen. For all its positive points, the Enlightenment signaled the beginning of the Humpty-Dumpty fragmentation in Western thought—God without Christ, Christ without the Cross. The Missa Solemnis offers a vision of unity in the old faith. Whether or not he died a Catholic—and at least one author believes he “remained [a Catholic] all his life”—Beethoven left Catholicism one of its most powerful musical testaments.


    In the total deafness of his last years, Beethoven depended on notebooks (the famous “conversation books”) to communicate with others. In many cases, only one side of the conversation has survived. On one occasion, it seems Beethoven was discussing the Resurrection with his friend Karl Peters. We don’t know what question Beethoven asked, but Peters’ reply sums up the contemporary crisis of faith and the hope of overcoming it: “You will arise with me from the dead—because you must. Religion remains constant, only Man is changeable.





    By Michael De Sapio
    Michael De Sapio is a writer and classical musician from the Washington, DC area. He writes about religion, music, and vintage popular culture for such print and online outlets as Fanfare Magazine, The Papist, Conservative Book Club, The Twilight Zone Museum, and Imaginative Conservative, among others. Mr. De Sapio is a graduate of The Catholic University of America and the Peabody Conservatory of Music.

    Rom 5: 20 - "But where sin increased, grace abounded all the more."


    Offline Kazimierz

    • Hero Member
    • *****
    • Posts: 7387
    • Reputation: +3488/-87
    • Gender: Male
    Re: Was Beethoven Catholic?
    « Reply #1 on: December 19, 2019, 08:28:06 PM »
  • Thanks!1
  • No Thanks!0
  • Brüder – überm Sternenzelt
     muß ein lieber Vater wohnen.


    It was Beethoven's birthday this past Monday. I am so pleased I was introduced to Beethoven at a very early age. Very insightful listening to some of his lesser known works.
    Da pacem Domine in diebus nostris
    Qui non est alius
    Qui pugnet pro nobis
    Nisi  tu Deus noster


    Offline LeDeg

    • Full Member
    • ***
    • Posts: 735
    • Reputation: +479/-98
    • Gender: Male
    • I am responsible only to God and history.
    Re: Was Beethoven Catholic?
    « Reply #2 on: December 30, 2019, 12:40:54 PM »
  • Thanks!1
  • No Thanks!1
  • Sean, I was in Vienna this past summer and went to Karlskirche where Beethoven's Requiem Mass was said, if that tells you anything. Incidentally, this was where Schubert's was as well.


    I think LVB was Catholic, but was influenced by the humanism that was so rampant at that time, as so many were. My family went to visit his grave at the Zentralfriedhof and prayed for him. 

    You can hear the struggles he experienced in his music, as well as the beauty and depth that he was blessed with. I am grateful for his music. 
    "You must train harder than the enemy who is trying to kill you. You will get all the rest you need in the grave."- Leon Degrelle

    Offline rum

    • Full Member
    • ***
    • Posts: 1341
    • Reputation: +594/-596
    • Gender: Male
    Re: Was Beethoven Catholic?
    « Reply #3 on: December 30, 2019, 07:19:13 PM »
  • Thanks!0
  • No Thanks!2
  • Michael De Sapio is a h0Ɩ0h0αx peddler: https://theimaginativeconservative.org/2017/11/catholic-girl-wartime-holland-michael-de-sapio.html

    The Jєω test rarely fails.

    As for Beethoven, I don't have an opinion.
    Some would have people believe that I'm a deceiver because I've used various handles on different Catholic forums. They only know this because I've always offered such information, unprompted. Various troll accounts on FE. Ben on SuscipeDomine. Patches on ABLF 1.0 and TeDeum. GuitarPlucker, Busillis, HatchC, and Rum on Cathinfo.

    Offline Kazimierz

    • Hero Member
    • *****
    • Posts: 7387
    • Reputation: +3488/-87
    • Gender: Male
    Re: Was Beethoven Catholic?
    « Reply #4 on: December 31, 2019, 05:11:03 AM »
  • Thanks!0
  • No Thanks!0
  • Sean, I was in Vienna this past summer and went to Karlskirche where Beethoven's Requiem Mass was said, if that tells you anything. Incidentally, this was where Schubert's was as well.


    I think LVB was Catholic, but was influenced by the humanism that was so rampant at that time, as so many were. My family went to visit his grave at the Zentralfriedhof and prayed for him.

    You can hear the struggles he experienced in his music, as well as the beauty and depth that he was blessed with. I am grateful for his music.
    I have what is reported to be the authoritative biography of LVB. I will dig it out and provide the title once I get over my latest medical setback.
    Da pacem Domine in diebus nostris
    Qui non est alius
    Qui pugnet pro nobis
    Nisi  tu Deus noster


    Offline claudel

    • Full Member
    • ***
    • Posts: 1776
    • Reputation: +1335/-419
    • Gender: Male
    Re: Was Beethoven Catholic?
    « Reply #5 on: December 31, 2019, 04:51:21 PM »
  • Thanks!1
  • No Thanks!0
  • Beethoven was a Catholic—seldom in his adulthood a devout or a consistently practicing Catholic, certainly not a sinless one, but a Catholic nonetheless. He died fully reconciled to the Faith.

    It has been duly certified by those near to him in his last days (i.e., March 1827) that he was quite conscious and welcoming to the priest who administered the Last Rites on the morning of March 24. Among those present on that morning was Anton Schindler, Beethoven's first biographer and his friend of thirty years. Schindler records that Beethoven thanked the priest and added, "You have brought me comfort."

    Later that day, before he lapsed into fitful unconsciousness, he spoke—with reference to a gift from his longtime publisher, Schott, of a few precious bottles of old Rhine wine—these words, reportedly with a smile: "A pity, a pity—too late!" Schindler and others at his bedside attest that these were the composer's last recorded words.

    Beethoven died in the late afternoon of March 26 during what has been uniformly described as a very frightening thunderstorm. According to Anselm Hüttenbrenner, one of only two people who were at Beethoven's bedside when he died, after one especially loud thunderclap, Beethoven stirred, opened his eyes, and briefly raised his right arm. He then fell back dead.

    Beethoven's funeral took place on the morning of Thursday, March 29, in Vienna, at the Church of the Holy Trinity (in German, Dreifaltigkeitskirche). He was buried in the local cemetery, in the locality of Vienna called Währing. (His coffin was exhumed and moved to a place of honor in Vienna's Central Cemetery in 1872.) In solemn recognition of the composer's passing, all of the city's schools and many of its businesses closed for the day. The church was jammed with mourners, as were the roads from the church to the cemetery. As the police were called out to maintain order, there is an official record of the number of mourners: in excess of twenty thousand, a figure that amounts to more than 10 percent of the city's population at that time.

    Offline claudel

    • Full Member
    • ***
    • Posts: 1776
    • Reputation: +1335/-419
    • Gender: Male
    Re: Was Beethoven Catholic?
    « Reply #6 on: December 31, 2019, 05:21:46 PM »
  • Thanks!0
  • No Thanks!0

  • I was in Vienna this past summer and went to Karlskirche where Beethoven's Requiem Mass was said, if that tells you anything. Incidentally, this was where Schubert's was as well.

    There is some confusion evident in the first sentence above. The funeral of neither Beethoven nor Schubert took place in Karlskirche. The former took place at the Church of the Holy Trinity in March 1827, and the latter at the Church of Saint Joseph, in the locality of Vienna called Margareten, in November 1828. Both men were first buried in the cemetery in Währing, mere yards apart, and both men's remains were moved to Vienna's Central Cemetery in the 1870s, when the Währing cemetery was deconsecrated and all of its not completely decomposed bodies were relocated.

    Offline claudel

    • Full Member
    • ***
    • Posts: 1776
    • Reputation: +1335/-419
    • Gender: Male
    Re: Was Beethoven Catholic?
    « Reply #7 on: January 01, 2020, 04:41:51 PM »
  • Thanks!2
  • No Thanks!0

  • Michael De Sapio is a h0Ɩ0h0αx peddler: https://theimaginativeconservative.org/2017/11/catholic-girl-wartime-holland-michael-de-sapio.html.


    Thank you for this link to an interesting article. As for De Sapio, I would characterize him as not so much a h0Ɩ0h0αx peddler as simply one who shares the h0Ɩ0h0αx delusion that hundreds of millions of others have been brainwashed into accepting as historical fact. Whichever characterization is more accurate, I quite agree that truth is done a grave disservice.

    One thing I particularly noted in the article is that the description of the horrible Dutch famine of the 1944/45 winter (it lasted about four months, not the two years the article offhandedly implies) is distinguished by the curious absence of any quoted remarks from Mrs. van Egmond. That fact alone ought to put a casual reader on the alert. As it happens, I had a very dear friend, a gentleman I shall call Frits, who also lived through that famine. Frits, who was born in October 1927* and was thus nine months older than Mrs. van Egmond, lived with his family in The Hague. He thus lived through the entirety of the German occupation and knew the truth about the cause of the famine—as Mrs. van Egmond probably does, too.

    The most relevant aspect of that truth is that the famine was knowingly caused by the sainted Allies, not by the evil German occupiers.** Because of both the incessant and criminally immoral Allied bombing of civilian targets throughout Germany and occupied Europe and the success of the D-day invasion on a great many fronts, the Dutch harvest of autumn 1944 had largely been destroyed, and the supply routes connecting the Netherlands to Germany were in a state of ruin, what with most of the bridges across the Rhine and many other rivers having been destroyed either from the air or by Allied saboteurs. The general in charge of the Germans' Dutch occupation administration, entirely on his own initiative, approached the International Red Cross officials in autumn 1944 and warned them that a devastating famine would soon strike Holland because of the Allied offensive. He proposed an arrangement whereby neutral and even Allied planes and surface vessels would bring food and clothing to the Dutch people and would be unmolested by the German troops and air defense installations. He further proposed to place the entire program under Red Cross supervision to guarantee its integrity and the absence of deceit and to ensure that no more than an agreed-upon small percentage of the foodstuffs would be diverted to the German soldiers.***

    Despite the fact that the IRC gave its enthusiastic support to the plan, Eisenhower and the rest of the Allied command rejected it contemptuously. They didn't care in the least how many civilians died so long as their plan for the utter destruction of Germany continued unabated.

    Frits told me that although everyone in the Netherlands with even the slightest connection to news from underground sources knew who had caused the famine and how it could have been averted, Allied propaganda brazenly attributed the famine to nαzι cruelty—and continues to do so.
    ________________________________
    *He died in February 2008. May God rest his soul.
    **Facetiousness alert!
    ***The German occupying forces did not starve as the Dutch civilians did, but they did have to endure very strict rationing.