Obsession is indeed a traditional form of diabolical influence discussed in spiritual theology.
The traditional divisions of diabolical influence in the manuals are: 1) temptations, 2) obsession (interior or exterior), and 3) possession.
Fr. Antonio Royo Marin, OP summarizes the traditional theology well in his manual
Teologia de la Perfeccion Cristiana.
Mgr. Ribet discussed these three divisions more extensively in his 1883 work
La mystique divine. Fr. Pierre Thyrée, SJ was the classic author of demonology, witchcraft and occult extraordinary phenomena, especially his
De daemoniacis, 1594.
The Catholic Encyclopedia article is good:
https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12315a.htmSt. Thomas discusses diabolical influence generally in various places, e.g.
ST Ia, q. 114;
In II Sent., dist. 8, q. 1. There are also many other saints who discuss these matters with more or less depth.
The 1917 Code was absolutely clear that laity and even unauthorized clergy were forbidden to attempt an exorcism (c. 1151-53).
There is increasing discussion of "generational spirits" among some exorcists or people interested in this topic. I've never spent time looking into it, and it doesn't seem to be mentioned in the traditional manuals as far as I know (but I don't know much at all in this topic). But what I mentioned above is clearly laid out in the traditional sources.